@article {3175225, title = {The Joint Determination of Morbidity and Vaccination in the Spatiotemporal Epidemiology of Covid-19,}, journal = {Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology}, volume = {47}, year = {2023}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2023.100621}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein. D. and Gdaliahu M} } @article {3175223, title = {Viewshed Effects and House Prices; Identifying the Visibility Value of the Natural Landscape}, journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning}, volume = {238}, year = {2023}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104818}, author = {Dai X. and Felsenstein D. and Grinberger A.Y.} } @article {3175221, title = {Agent-Based Simulation of COVID-19 Containment Measures: the Case of Lockdowns in Cities,}, journal = {Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences }, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, pages = {1-16}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-023-00336-w}, author = {Grinberger, A. Y. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {3175220, title = {\"Traffic Light\" Theory for Covid-19 Spatial Mitigation Policy Design}, journal = {Journal of Spatial Econometrics}, volume = {4}, year = {2023}, pages = {1-35}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43071-022-00033-8}, author = {Xieer, D and Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D. and Genesove D. and Kotsenko N} } @article {3175217, title = {Freedom of Information and Personal Confidentiality in Spatial Covid-19 Data,}, journal = {Journal of Official Statistics}, volume = {37}, year = {2021}, pages = {791-809}, url = {DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jos-2021-0035}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {3086513, title = {Cascades - Mapping the multi-disciplinary landscape in a post-pandemic world}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, volume = {51}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper introduces the Special Issue on\ Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management. It reviews the contributions and highlights their multi-disciplinary interpretations of cascades. It proceeds to discuss whether the on-going unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the cascades metaphor.}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420920313443}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Shmueli D.F. and Thomas D.S.K.} } @article {3086515, title = {Long-term housing affordability in spatial general equilibrium}, journal = {Housing Studies}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We argue that housing affordability is as much about incomes as it is about house prices. Consequently, a comprehensive analysis of housing affordability should be conducted in which incomes and house prices are determined through the specification of labor, capital and product markets in addition to housing markets. A spatial econometric model for Israel is used to study the effects on the regional distribution of housing affordability of income generating shocks in labor and capital markets, as well as supply shocks in housing markets. Particular attention is paid to the effects on affordability of planning delays in tendering land for housing construction and the issue of building permits. Spatiotemporal impulse responses for housing affordability show that region-specific shocks, such as accelerated planning permission and the provision of regional investment grants, percolate across the economy as a whole. Implications for place-based regional policy are discussed.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2020.1736520}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D. and D., Xieer} } @article {3086514, title = {A Solution for Absent Spatial Data: the Common Correlated Effects Estimator}, journal = {International Regional Science Review}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Informed regional policy needs good regional data. As regional data series for key economic variables are generally absent whereas national-level time series data for the same variables are ubiquitous, we suggest an approach that leverages this advantage. We hypothesize the existence of a pervasive {\textquotedblleft}common factor{\textquotedblright} represented by the national time series that affects regions differentially. We provide an empirical illustration in which national FDI is used in place of panel data for FDI, which are absent. The proposed methodology is tested empirically with respect to the determinants of regional demand for housing. We use a quasi-experimental approach to compare the results of a {\textquotedblleft}common correlated effects{\textquotedblright} (CCE) estimator with a benchmark case when absent regional data are omitted. Using three common factors relating to national population, income and housing stock, we find mixed support for the common correlated effects hypothesis. We conclude by discussing how our experimental design may serve as a methodological prototype for further tests of CCE as a solution to the absent spatial data problem.}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0160017620959132}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1338760, title = {Identifying local housing markets through revealed preference}, volume = {37}, year = {2020}, pages = {118-146}, abstract = {A new empirical approach to identify local housing markets (LHM{\textquoteright}s) is proposed, which focuses on the spatial correlation between local house price indices constructed from repeat sales data. It extends the work of Pryce who claimed that if housing in different locations are perfect substitutes, their house price indices should be perfectly correlated over time. Pryce{\textquoteright}s work represents a paradigmatic change in identifying local housing markets using revealed preferences rather than hedonic pricing. It requires spatial panel data for house prices which we construct using repeated sales data to generate house price indices for Tel Aviv (1998{\textendash}2014) for over 100 census tracts. These price indices are used to define LHMs.\  The number of LHMs varies inversely with the degree to which house prices in locations belonging to the same LHM, are expected to be correlated. It also varies directly with the order of contiguity of these locations.\ Results point to considerable spatial heterogeneity in house price movement. This belies the popular impression that the Tel Aviv housing market is relatively homogeneous, characterised by expensive housing and uniform house price movements.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09599916.2020.1714698}, author = {Beenstock M. and Feldman D. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1338759, title = {Cascading effects of a disaster on the labor market over the medium to long term}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

We present an economic definition of cascading effects of a disaster on the labor market over the medium to long term. Cascading effects are considered events that alter local amenities. In the context of the labor market, the standard conception of a cascade as a sequence of events that alter the capital stock, may not be very instructive as the immediate time horizon is not the relevant economic timeframe. We outline some of the theoretical implications arising from this definition and give them some intuition based on an agent based simulation model. The model is used to simulate two cascade-type scenarios following an earthquake in the city of Jerusalem. Results indicate that a strong cascading effect in the labor market depends on serious functional change in the physical environment i.e. land-use change. Flow-related changes in labor and population movement are less likely to create effects that cascade into other sub-markets. Implications of these findings point to the key role of labor mobility as workers seek solutions outside the area struck by disaster.

}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101524}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Grinberger A.Y.} } @article {1338758, title = {Post-Processing HAZUS Earthquake Damage and Loss Assessments for Individual Buildings}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Building damage probabilities are invaluable for assessing short-term losses from natural hazards. In many countries however, the individual building level data required for assessing reliable damage are usually unavailable. This paper shows how the post-processing of aggregate HAZUS earthquake damage assessments can yield building-level damage probabilities. On the basis of three plausible scenarios for Northern Israel, we generate and visualize a building-level combined damage probability index. We use the tools of exploratory spatial data analysis to purge any causal influences in the spatial pattern of these calculated damage probabilities. The costs and benefits of our approach are discussed.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04293-1}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Elbaum E. and Levi T. and Calvo R.} } @inbook {1338763, title = {Emerging Urban Dynamics and Labor Market Change: An Agent-Based Simulation of Recovery from a Disaster}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, organization = {Edward Elgar}, url = {https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/resilience-and-urban-disasters}, author = {Grinberger, A. Y. and Felsenstein, D.} } @book {1338762, title = {The Econometric Analysis of Non-Stationary Spatial Panel Data}, year = {2019}, pages = {275}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {This monograph deals with spatially dependent nonstationary time series in a way accessible to both time series econometricians wanting to understand spatial econometics, and spatial econometricians lacking a grounding in time series analysis. After charting key concepts in both time series and spatial econometrics, the book discusses how the spatial connectivity matrix can be estimated using spatial panel data instead of assuming it to be exogenously fixed. This is followed by a discussion of spatial nonstationarity in spatial cross-section data, and a full exposition of non-stationarity in both single and multi-equation contexts, including the estimation and simulation of spatial vector autoregression (VAR) models and spatial error correction (ECM)\  models.\ 
The book reviews the literature on panel unit root tests and panel cointegration tests for spatially independent data, and for data that are strongly spatially dependent. It provides for the first time critical values for panel unit root tests and panel cointegration tests when the spatial panel data are weakly or spatially dependent.\ 
The volume concludes with a discussion of incorporating strong and weak spatial dependence in non-stationary panel data models. All discussions are accompanied by empirical\  testing based on a spatial panel data of house prices in Israel.}, url = {https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030036133}, author = {Michael Beenstock and Daniel Felsenstein} } @article {1338761, title = {Is Planning Delay Really a Constraint in the Provision of Housing? Some Evidence from Israel}, volume = {98}, year = {2019}, pages = {2179-2200}, abstract = {This paper revisits the claim that a causal link exists between the inflexibility of land-use planning and low elasticity of housing supply. A theoretical model of factors impacting district-level planning is presented alongside a model of the impact of planning delay on housing supply. The models are estimated for the Tel Aviv district using detailed data covering a 12-year period. Results show significant impacts on planning delay due to plan, municipality and district planning commission characteristics. House prices exert a positive effect on planning speed and municipal funding acts as a supply constraint. While planning delay does not impact housing supply, delay uncertainty has a negative impact and acts as a constraint.}, url = {https://rsaiconnect.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pirs.12440}, author = {Rubin, Ziv and Daniel Felsenstein} } @article {3086519, title = {Household insurance expenditure as an indicator of urban resilience}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, volume = {31}, year = {2018}, pages = {102-111}, abstract = {Demand for household insurance is intuitively perceived as contributing to household and community resilience. However the causality in this relationship is not clear. This paper examines household insurance expenditure and the generation of urban resilience as jointly determined. Potential endogeneity is purged by estimating this relationship as a system and using an instrumental variable approach. Empirical analysis based on aggregated Israeli household expenditure data is used. Results show that instrumenting makes a difference, that a distinction needs to be drawn between personal resilience and environmental resilience and that insurance coverage has an independent effect on resilience different to that of classic social (personal) and economic (property and place-based) characteristics. The policy context of the findings are discussed.}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242091830459X}, author = {Felsenstein D and Vernik M and Israeli Y} } @article {1338771, title = {A Spatially Accurate Method for Evaluating Distributional Effects of Ecosystem Services}, journal = {Ecological Economics}, volume = {145}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The value of most ecosystem services invariably slips through national accounts. Even when these values are estimated, they are allocated without any particular spatial referencing. Little is known about the spatial and distributional effects arising from changes in ecosystem service provision. This paper estimates spatial equity in ecosystem services provision using a dedicated data disaggregation algorithm that allocates {\textquoteleft}synthetic{\textquoteright} socio-economic attributes to households and with accurate geo-referencing. A GIS-based automated procedure is operationalized for three different ecosystems in Israel. A nonlinear function relates household location to each ecosystem: beaches, urban parks and national parks. Benefit measures are derived by modeling household consumer surplus as a function of socio-economic attributes and distance from the ecosystem. These aggregate measures are spatially disaggregated to households. Results show that restraining access to beaches causes a greater reduction in welfare than restraining access to a park. Progressively, high income households lose relatively more in welfare terms than in low income households from such action. This outcome is reversed when distributional outcomes are measured in terms of housing price classes. Policy implications of these findings relate to implications for housing policies that attempt to use new development to generate social heterogeneity in locations proximate to ecosystem services.}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800917305736}, author = {Fleischer A. and Felsenstein D. and Lichter M.} } @article {1338769, title = {Spatial Econometric Analysis of Spatial General Equilibrium}, year = {2018}, abstract = {A structural spatial econometric model for nine regions of Israel is estimated using non-stationary spatial panel data during 1987{\textendash}2015. The model focuses on the relation between regional markets in labour, housing and capital when there is imperfect internal migration between regions, when capital is imperfectly mobile between regions, and when building contractors operate across regions. Since the regional panel data are non-stationary, the econometric methodology is based on spatial panel cointegration. The estimated model is used to simulate the temporal and spatial propagation of regional shocks induced, for example, by regional policy (land for housing, regional investment grants). Impulse responses are temporally and spatially state dependent. They are also highly persistent because of longevity in housing and capital.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17421772.2018.1403645}, author = {M,. Beenstock and Felsenstein D. and D., Xieer} } @inbook {1338768, title = {Using Big (Synthetic) Data for Identifying Local Housing Market Attributes}, year = {2018}, pages = {109-120}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, url = {https://www.routledge.com/Big-Data-for-Regional-Science/Schintler-Chen/p/book/9781138282186}, author = {Grinberger, A. Y. and Felsenstein, D.} } @article {1338766, title = {Introduction to SI: Modeling urban resilience to disasters}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, volume = {31}, year = {2018}, pages = {602-603}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420918307957} } @article {1338764, title = {Dynamic Integrated Model for Disaster Management and Socio-Economic Analysis (DIM2SEA)}, journal = {Journal of Disaster Research}, year = {2018}, url = {https://www.fujipress.jp/jdr/dr/dsstr001300071257/}, author = {Erick MAS and Daniel Felsenstein and Luis MOYA and Grinberger, Asher Y. and Rubel Das and Shunichi KOSHIMURA} } @inbook {1338778, title = {A Tale of Two Earthquakes: Dynamic Agent-Based Simulation of Urban Resilience}, booktitle = {Lombard G.,Stern E. and Clarke G. (eds). Applied Spatial Modeling and Planning,}, year = {2017}, pages = {134-154}, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, organization = {Taylor and Francis}, url = {https://books.google.co.il/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=zRgxDQAAQBAJ\&oi=fnd\&pg=PT155\&dq=\%E2\%80\%9CA+Tale+of+Two+Earthquakes:+Dynamic+Agent-Based+Simulation+of+Urban+Resilience\&ots=Zwi2ITTl5Y\&sig=HjHHenMgAEu747X-lOZW7X7Tcio\&redir_esc=y$\#$v=onepage\&q=\%E2\%80\%9CA\%20Tale\%2}, author = {Grinberger, A. Y. and Felsenstein, D.} } @article {1338777, title = {Supply-Side Constraints in the Israeli Housing Market: The Impact of State-Owned Land}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, volume = {65}, year = {2017}, pages = {266-276}, abstract = {House prices in Israel have risen since 2008 by as much as 98\%. Much of this increase is attributed to low levels of housing supply and housing supply elasticities. In Israel land is frequently owned by the state. This results in heavy government involvement in the housing market through the control of land supply via land tenders. This paper estimates the impact of state owned land on the Israeli housing market focusing on these unusual conditions of land supply. A model for the creation of new housing units is proposed. This incorporates land tenders, enabling the estimation of housing supply dynamics with an accurate measure of public land supply. The model is tested using regional panel data which facilitates the dynamic estimation of national and local supply elasticities and regional spillovers. The paper uses novel data sources resulting in a panel of 45 spatial units over a span of 11 years (2002{\textendash}2012). Due to the nonstationary nature of the data, spatial panel cointegration methods are used. The empirical results yield estimates of housing supply price elasticities and elasticities with respect to land supply. Results show that housing supply is positively impacted by governmental decisions but the impact is low. Supply elasticity with regard to government land tenders stands at around 0.05 over the short run and 0.08 over the long run. Government policy of offering land in low demand areas and fixing minimum-price tendering does not seem to affect housing supply. Policy implications point to the need for more sensitive management of the delicate balance between public and private source of land in order to mitigate the excesses of demand shocks.}, url = {http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264837716305749/1-s2.0-S0264837716305749-main.pdf?_tid=4f3eda96-2d9a-11e7-b569-00000aacb35e\&acdnat=1493552823_7f4af3043ff6a51379be4223d5a96634}, author = {Rubin Z. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1338775, title = {Assessing Land Use Plan Implementation:Bridging the Performance-Conformance Divide}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, year = {2017}, pages = {251-264}, abstract = {The assessment of land use plan implementation is a contentious issue. The debate centers on whether the crucial evaluation element is conformance of development to plan directives or alternatively, plan performance, i.e. the degree to which the plan is actually used. An analytic framework combining both conformance and performance in the evaluation of (regional) land use plans is applied to the case of the Central District Plan in Israel. Qualitative and quantitative simulation methods are exploited. Qualitative analysis reveals that both performance and conformance are greater than indicated by non-contextualized, numeric evaluations. Additionally, high conformance does not necessarily imply good plan performance. Quantitative simulation suggests that plan performance with respect to land values and densities is initially pronounced as expectations for development are subdued but subsequently tends to wane merging with the counterfactual trend. Findings imply that plan assessment needs to consider the transaction costs of land use re-designation and actors{\textquoteright} perceptions of the probability that plan amendments will be approved. These perceptions differ across actors as a function of the political influence that they wield.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837716304550}, author = {Feitelson E. and Felsenstein D. and Razin E. and Stern E.} } @article {1338774, title = {Does Foreign Direct Investment Polarize Regional Earnings? Some Evidence from Israel}, journal = {Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences}, volume = {10}, year = {2017}, pages = {385-409}, abstract = {This paper investigates the polarizing effect of FDI on regional earnings in host nations. A key hypothesis is that the link between FDI and regional inequality is mediated by regional capital{\textendash}labor ratios. In the absence of regional FDI data, a method for estimating the effects of FDI on regional inequality is proposed in which national FDI is hypothesized to be a common factor for regional capital investment. Empirical analysis of regional panel data for Israel shows that regional capital stocks vary directly and heterogeneously with the stock of national FDI, and that regional earnings vary directly and homogeneously with regional capital{\textendash}labor ratios. These two relationships are used to calculate the contribution of FDI to regional earnings inequality over time. We find a substantial polarizing effect. Between 1988 and 2010 the variance of log regional earnings increased from about 0.011 to 0.025. More than half of this increase may be attributed to the polarizing effects of FDI. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12076-017-0192-z}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D. and Rubin Z.} } @inbook {1338773, title = {Dynamic Agent Based Simulation of an Urban Disaster using Synthetic Big Data}, year = {2017}, pages = {349-382}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, url = {https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319409009}, author = {Grinberger, A. Y. and Lichter, M. and Felsenstein, D.} } @article {1390152, title = {Hedonic Pricing when Housing is Endogenous: The Value of Access to the Trans-Israel Highway}, journal = {Journal of Regional Science}, volume = {56}, year = {2016}, pages = {134-155}, abstract = {Standard hedonic house pricing assumes that house prices are independent of the intangible to be priced. A methodology is proposed in which the supply as well as the demand for housing depends on the intangible. The methodology is applied to value access to the Trans-Israel Highway (TIH). Using spatial panel data (2002{\textendash}2008) we show that TIH had two effects on the housing market. It increased house prices in locations with greater access to TIH, and it affected housing construction. Standard hedonic pricing would have underestimated the value of access because it ignores the effects of housing construction on the intangible to be priced. House prices began to increase three years before TIH was inaugurated, but housing construction did not anticipate the inauguration of TIH.}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jors.12207/full}, author = {Beenstock M. and Feldman D. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390150, title = {Dynamic Agent-Based Simulation of Welfare Effects of Urban Disasters}, journal = {Computers, Environment and Urban Systems}, volume = {59}, year = {2016}, pages = {129-141}, abstract = {An agent based model for assessing the welfare impacts of urban disasters is presented. This couples a population allocation algorithm with a simulation platform. The fully articulated model fuses both bottom-up (locational choice for workplace, residence and daily activities) and top-down (land use and housing price) protocols. This study moves beyond current research by addressing economic welfare consequences of urban disasters. The resilience capabilities of different income groups are identified. This is illustrated for the Jerusalem central business district. Empirical results at the micro-scale suggest that physical destruction leads to a zero-sum game within the housing market in which wealthier residents hold an advantage over the poor. This results in the transformation of neighborhoods and displacement of poor and vulnerable populations. Low income groups lose both physical ground and the social support systems that go with location. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971516300862}, author = {Grinberger Y. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390149, title = {Spatial Dependence in the Econometrics of Gravity Modeling}, booktitle = {Patuelli R and Arbia G (eds) Chapter 11 in The Spatial Econometrics of Spatial Interaction Modeling}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, url = {http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319301945}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390148, title = {Dynamic Agent Based Simulation of an Urban Disaster using Synthetic Big Data}, booktitle = {Thakuria P, Tilahun N and Zellner M (eds) Seeing Cities Through Big Data: Research, Methods and Applications in Urban Informatics}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, abstract = {This paper illustrates how synthetic big data can be generated from standard administrative small data. Small areal statistical units are decomposed into households and individuals using a GIS buildings data layer. Households and individuals are then profiled with socio-economic attributes and combined with an agent based simulation model in order to create dynamics. The resultant data is {\textquoteleft}big{\textquoteright} in terms of volume, variety and versatility. It allows for different layers of spatial information to be populated and embellished with synthetic attributes. The data decomposition process involves moving from a database describing only hundreds or thousands of spatial units to one containing records of millions of buildings and individuals over time. The method is illustrated in the context of a hypothetical earthquake in downtown Jerusalem. Agents interact with each other and their built environment. Buildings are characterized in terms of land-use, floor-space and value. Agents are characterized in terms of income and socio-demographic attributes and are allocated to buildings. Simple behavioral rules and a dynamic house pricing system inform residential location preferences and land use change, yielding a detailed account of urban spatial and temporal dynamics. These techniques allow for the bottom-up formulation of the behavior of an entire urban system. Outputs relate to land use change, change in capital stock and socio-economic vulnerability.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-40902-3_20}, author = {Grinberger, A. Y. and Lichter, M. and Felsenstein, D.} } @article {1390161, title = {Visa waivers, multilateral resistance and international tourism: some evidence from Israel}, journal = {Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences}, volume = {8}, year = {2015}, pages = {357-371}, abstract = {This paper tests the visa-led tourism hypothesis which contends that easing of visa restrictions increases international tourism. Israel acts as a natural laboratory in this case with clear before and after junctures in visa restrictions. We use panel data on tourism to Israel from 60 countries during 1994{\textendash}2012. In contrast to previous work we take account of nonstationarity in the data and test for the effect of multilateral resistance on tourism. Partial waivers of visa restrictions are estimated to increase tourism by 48\ \% and complete waivers increase tourism by 118\ \%. Other results include the adverse effect of Israel{\textquoteright}s security situation on tourism, the beneficial effect of real devaluation on tourism, and the fact that the elasticity of tourism to Israel with respect to tourism to all destinations is very small.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12076-015-0137-3}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D. and Rubin Z.} } @article {1390160, title = {Tide Gauge Location and the Measurement of Global Sea Level Rise}, journal = {Environmental and Ecological Statistics}, volume = {22}, year = {2015}, pages = {179-206}, abstract = {The location of tide gauges is not random. If their locations are positively (negatively) correlated with sea level rise (SLR), estimates of global SLR will be biased upwards (downwards). Using individual tide gauges obtained from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level during 1807{\textendash}2010, we show that tide gauge locations in 2000 were independent of SLR as measured by satellite altimetry. Therefore these tide gauges constitute a quasi-random sample, and inferences about global SLR obtained from them are unbiased. Using recently developed methods for nonstationary time series, we find that sea levels rose in 7\ \% of tide gauge locations and fell in 4\ \%. The global mean increase is 0.39{\textendash}1.03\ mm/year. However, the mean increase for locations where sea levels are rising is 3.55{\textendash}4.42\ mm/year. These findings are much lower than estimates of global sea level (2.2\ mm/year) reported in the literature and adopted by IPCC (2014), and which make widespread use of imputed data for locations which do not have tide gauges. We show that although tide gauge locations in 2000 are uncorrelated with SLR, the global diffusion of tide gauges during the 20th century was negatively correlated with SLR. This phenomenon induces positive imputation bias in estimates of global mean sea levels because tide gauges installed in the 19th century happened to be in locations where sea levels happened to be rising.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10651-014-0293-4}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D. and Reingewertz Y.} } @article {1390159, title = {Spatial Spillover in Housing Construction}, journal = {Journal of Housing Economics}, volume = {28}, year = {2015}, pages = {42-58}, abstract = {A model is proposed in which building contractors have regional preferences so that housing construction in different regions are imperfect substitutes. The model hypothesizes spatial and national spillovers in construction. Although the government does not engage directly in housing construction, it influences regional housing markets by auctioning land to contractors. Contractors are hypothesized to use housing-under-construction as a buffer between starts and completions. Spatial panel data for Israel are used to test the model and investigate the determinants of regional housing construction. Because the spatial panel data are nonstationary, we use spatial panel cointegration methods to estimate the model. The estimated model is used to calculate impulse responses which propagate over time and across space.}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390158, title = {Simulating and Communicating Outcomes in Disaster Management Situations}, journal = {International Journal of Geographic Information}, volume = {4}, year = {2015}, pages = {1827-1847}, abstract = {An important, but overlooked component of disaster managment is raising the awareness and preparedness of potential stakeholders. We show how recent advances in agent-based modeling and geo-information analytics can be combined to this effect. Using a dynamic simulation model, we estimate the long run outcomes of two very different urban disasters with severe consequences: an earthquake and a missile attack. These differ in terms of duration, intensity, permanence, and focal points. These hypothetical shocks are simulated for the downtown area of Jerusalem. Outcomes are compared in terms of their potential for disaster mitigation. The spatial and temporal dynamics of the simulation yield rich outputs. Web-based mapping is used to visualize these results and communicate risk to policy makers, planners, and the informed public. The components and design of this application are described. Implications for participatory disaster management and planning are discussed.}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/4/4/1827/htm}, author = {Lichter M. and Grinberger, A. Y. and Felsenstein, D.} } @article {1390157, title = {Immigration to the European Union from its Neighborhoods: Testing Welfare-Chasing and Related Hypotheses by Spatial Gravity}, journal = {International Journal of Manpower}, volume = {36}, year = {2015}, pages = {491-517}, abstract = {Purpose {\textendash} The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of immigration from European Neighborhood (EN) and new member states to the EU core countries over the period 2000- 2010. Apart from income differentials, unemployment rates and other standard variables hypothesized to determine immigration, the paper focusses attention on welfare-chasing as well as measures to enforce immigration policy. Using a variant of the gravity model, the paper investigates whether tests of these hypotheses are robust with respect to spatial misspecification.
Design/methodology/approach {\textendash} The determinants of migration from the European Neighborhood and new member states to the EU core countries is estimated using a spatial variant of the gravity model. The methodology is used for both multilateral and spatial flows. Gravity model estimations are presented for immigration into the EU core destinations using standard, non-spatial econometrics, as well as spatial econometrics for single and double-spatial dynamics
Findings {\textendash} Immigration to EU core countries varies directly with the change in social spending per head in the destination. This result stands out in all the models, both OLS and spatial. Immigrants are attracted by economic inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient. However, in this case it is the level that matters rather than its change. No evidence is found that the threat of apprehension at the destination deters migrants from the European Neighborhood and other countries.\ 
Research limitations/implications {\textendash} The authors assume multilateralism is spatial. This means that everything else given, destinations are closer substitutes the nearer they are, and that immigration shocks are likely to be more correlated among origins the closer they are. This implicit assumption is restrictive because multilateralism is just spatial.
Social implications {\textendash} While immigration to EU core countries varies directly with the change in (not level of ) social spending per head. If a given country becomes more benevolent it attracts more immigration. The results suggest that if during 2000-2010 social spending per capita grew by 1 percent, the immigration rate increased by between 1 and 2 percentage points relative to the number of foreign-born in 2000. This is a large demographic effect.
Originality/value {\textendash} Uniquely, this paper does not assume immigration flows are independent and stresses their spatial and multilateral nature. A series of new non-spatial and spatial (single and double-spatial lag) models are used to empirically test hypotheses about the determinants of immigration to the EU core countries.}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/IJM-01-2014-0010}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D. and Rubin Z.} } @article {1390156, title = {Factors Affecting Regional Productivity and Innovation in Israel: Some Empirical Evidence}, journal = {Regional Studies}, volume = {49}, year = {2015}, pages = {1457-1469}, abstract = {The role of human capital and physical capital in determining regional productivity and innovation is examined. Two specific mechanisms through which knowledge becomes an inherently regional asset are investigated: the generation of local externalities (a stock mechanism) and human capital accumulation and mobility (a flow mechanism). Empirically, this connection is investigated using recent advances in spatial panel data analysis applied to regions in Israel. Panel co-integration is used to entangle issues of spurious relationships. Results show that human capital stock has large and relatively consistent effects on both regional earnings and regional innovation levels. Human capital mobility is inversely related to innovation. This is interpreted as reflecting the {\textquoteleft}conduit{\textquoteright} role of the region in the innovation process. Regional capital-to-labour ratios are also inversely related to innovation, implying that physical capital substitutes rather than complements human capital.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343404.2013.837871}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390154, title = {Simulating Urban Resilience: Disasters,Dynamics and (Synthetic) Data}, booktitle = {S. Geertman, J. Stillwell, J. Ferreira, \& R. Goodspeed (eds.), Planning Support Systems and Smart Cities}, year = {2015}, pages = {99-120}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, abstract = {An agent based (AB) simulation model of urban dynamics following a disaster is presented. Data disaggregation is used to generate {\textquoteleft}synthetic{\textquoteright} data with accurate socio-economic profiling. Entire synthetic populations are extrapolated at the building scale from survey data. This data is coupled with the AB model. The disaggregated baseline population allows for the bottom-up formulation of the behavior of an entire urban system. Agent interactions with each other and with the environment lead to change in residence and workplace, land use and house prices. The case of a hypothetical earthquake in the Jerusalem CBD is presented as an illustrative example. Dynamics are simulated for a period up to 3\ years, post-disaster. Outcomes are measured in terms of global resilience measures, effects on residential and non-residential capital stock and population dynamics. The visualization of the complex outputs is illustrated using dynamic web-mapping.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-18368-8_6}, author = {Grinberger, A. Y. and Lichter, M. and Felsenstein, D.} } @inbook {1390153, title = {Big Data in Urban Planning (Special Issue)}, booktitle = {Tichnun - Journal of the Israeli Planning Association}, volume = {12 (2) (Hebrew)}, year = {2015}, url = {http://www.aepi.org.il/index2.php?id=441\&lang=HEB}, author = {Daniel Felsenstein} } @article {1390168, title = {Social and Economic Vulnerability of Coastal Communities to Sea Level Rise and Extreme Flooding}, journal = {Natural Hazards}, volume = {71}, year = {2014}, pages = {463-491}, abstract = {This paper assesses the socioeconomic consequences of extreme coastal flooding events. Wealth and income impacts associated with different social groups in coastal communities in Israel are estimated. A range of coastal flood hazard zones based on different scenarios are identified. These are superimposed on a composite social vulnerability index to highlight the spatial variation in the\ socioeconomic structure of those areas exposed to flooding. Economic vulnerability is captured by the exposure of wealth and income. For the former, we correlate the distribution of housing stock at risk with the socioeconomic characteristics of threatened populations. We also estimate the value of residential assets exposed under the different scenarios. For the latter, we calculate the observed change in income distribution of the population under threat of inundation. We interpret the change in income distribution as an indicator of recovery potential.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-013-0929-y}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Lichter M.} } @article {1390167, title = {Land Use Change and the Management of Coastal Areas: Prospect and Retrospect}, journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management}, volume = {101}, year = {2014}, pages = {123-125}, abstract = {The main features of the contributions to this special issue on Simulating Land Use Change in Coastal Areas, are synthesized. Three key themes for coastal zone research and management are identified. These relate to the need for (1) making new analytic techniques relevant to coastal zone management, (2) communicating results to the public without inhibiting civic participation through technological over-kill and (3) designing public policy cognizant of the special conditions under which land use change operates in coastal areas.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569114002944}, author = {Felsenstein, D. and Lichter, M.} } @article {1390166, title = {Coastal Congestion: Simulating Port Expansion and Land Use Change under Zero-Sum Conditions}, journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management}, volume = {101}, year = {2014}, pages = {89-101}, abstract = {This paper examines the displacement effects associated with new land use development in a congested coastal area. A land use micro-simulation model (UrbanSim) and statistical estimation are used to identify the expected future land use impacts arising from the proposed expansion of the Port of Haifa. Maximum and minimum development scenarios are simulated and compared to baseline (business-as-usual) conditions. Simulation outputs refer to future population, employment, residential and non-residential construction for the city of Haifa and its metropolitan area untill the year 2038. A key finding relates to the spatial substitution effects of additional non-residential floor space on residential development throughout the Haifa region. This highlights the zero sum effects of land use change under conditions of congestion. The challenge of efficiently using limited land use resources and balancing development across many competing uses and stakeholders, is stressed.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569114002452}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Lichter M. and Ashbel E.} } @article {1390165, title = {Coastal Communities under Threat: Comparing Property and Social Exposure}, journal = {Geography Research Forum}, volume = {34}, year = {2014}, pages = {40-58}, abstract = {We examine the threat to coastal communities from sea level rise and extreme flooding. A distinction is drawn between the exposure of the physical property base of a community and its social composition. We investigate whether any correspondence exists between these two dimensions of vulnerability and whether it holds for both small and large communities. Flood scenarios along the Israeli coast are defined and we\  look at the resultant property and exposure patterns in communities at different flooding increments. Results are presented for three select inundation increments. Using comparative and graphic methods, we analyze exposure rankings for different communities and property and social exposure at the intra-urban level. We use break point analysis to trace the evolution of community exposure at different flooding increments. We conclude with some cautionary policy implications with respect to opportunities for change in highly exposed communities in the wake of extreme flooding.}, url = {http://raphael.geography.ad.bgu.ac.il/ojs/index.php/GRF/article/view/424}, author = {Lichter, M. and Felsenstein, D.} } @article {1390164, title = {Bouncing Back or Bouncing Forward? Simulating Urban Resilience,}, journal = {Urban Design and Planning}, volume = {167}, year = {2014}, pages = {115-124}, abstract = {While the direct physical effects of an urban catastrophe are relatively straightforward to assess, indirect and long-term impact on the urban system is more circumspect. A large-scale shock such as an earthquake derails the complex urban system from its equilibrium path onto an unknown trajectory. Consequently, assessing the effect of policy intervention that aims to mitigate this shock and increase urban resilience is fraught with complexity. This paper presents the implementation of dynamic agent-based simulation to test long-run effects of a hypothetical earthquake in Jerusalem, Israel. It focuses on investigating the effectiveness of policy choices aimed at restoring the urban equilibrium. Cities are found to have a self-organising market-based mechanism that strives to attain a new equilibrium. They therefore may not always bounce back {\textendash} they may also bounce forward. Decision-makers, engineers, emergency and urban planners need to be cognizant of this tendency when designing policy interventions. Otherwise, well-intentioned efforts may inhibit urban rejuvenation and delay the onset of city recovery.}, url = {http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/udap.13.00021}, author = {Grinberger A.Y. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390163, title = {Land Use-Land Cover Dynamics at the Metropolitan Fringe}, booktitle = {Czamanski D., Benenson I and Malkinson D (eds), Modeling of Land Use and Ecological Dynamics}, year = {2014}, pages = {143-166}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, abstract = {Diverse pressures for change operate at the outer metropolitan fringe. This paper examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of change in this area. We set up a simple model that incorporates spatial and temporal dynamics of functional (land use) and structural (land cover) interactions. We posit that land use (development) changes the ecosystem functions at the edge of urban areas expressed in change in land cover. Additionally, the characteristics of land cover (forest, agriculture, bare soil, neighboring cover etc.) mutually influence the land use. We estimate a model where land values and land use are jointly determined while land use and land cover interact recursively. We use historical data, probability estimation and land use simulation to generate panel data of future patterns of land value, land use and land cover at the outer edge of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area for the period 1995{\textendash}2023. The modeling system combines panel 2SLS (2-stage least squares) estimation to investigate land value-land use interactions. Land use-land cover dynamics are estimated using panel MNL (multi-nomial logit) estimation. Results of simple simulations of the probability of land cover change are presented. When coupled with an appropriate biodiversity model, this system could potentially be extended to forecasting other aspects of the environmental stress of metropolitan expansion, for example impacts on vegetation or ecological dynamics.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-40199-2_8}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Lichter M. and Ashbel E. and Grinberger Y.} } @inbook {1390162, title = {Simulating Land Use Change in Coastal Areas (Special Issue)}, booktitle = {Ocean and Coastal Management}, volume = {101}, year = {2014}, abstract = {[[{"fid":"174122","view_mode":"default","type":"media","attributes":{"height":"160","width":"120","alt":"2014 1","class":"media-element file-default"}}]]}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09645691/101/part/PB}, author = {Daniel Felsenstein and Lichter, Michal} } @article {1390176, title = {Testing for Units Roots and Cointegration in Spatial Cross Section Data}, journal = {Spatial Economic Analysis}, volume = {7}, year = {2012}, pages = {203-222}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17421772.2012.669491}, author = {Beeenstock M. and Feldman D. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390175, title = {Nonparametric Estimation of the Spatial Connectivity Matrix using Spatial Panel Data}, journal = {Geographical Analysis}, volume = {44}, year = {2012}, pages = {386-387}, abstract = {We use moments from the covariance matrix for spatial panel data to estimate the parameters of the spatial autoregression model, including the spatial connectivity matrix\ W. In the unrestricted spatial autoregression model, the parameters are underidentified by one when\ W\ is symmetric. We show that a special case exists in which\ W\ is asymmetric and its parameters are exactly identified. If the panel data are stationary and ergodic, spatially and temporally, the estimates of\ W\ and the spatial autoregression coefficients are consistent. Spatial panel data for house prices in Israel are used to illustrate this methodology.}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00851.x/full}, author = {Beeenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390174, title = {The Flexible Accelerator Model and the \‘Regionalization\’ of Capital Stock Estimates}, journal = {Regional Science Inquiry}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, pages = {39-45}, abstract = {This paper suggests a model of obtaining estimates of capital stock based on the theory of {\textquoteleft}flexible accelerator{\textquoteright}. However, this represents a rather {\textquoteleft}indirect{\textquoteright} method independently for each year and each region. Clearly this is an unrealistic condition, especially for regional economies characterized by mutual spatial dependence. To add an extra injection of realism, we illustrate how a national model of capital stock (the stock {\textendash}flow model) can effectively be {\textquoteleft}regionalized{\textquoteright}}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/17411539/rsi_j_june_2012.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A\&Expires=1486252903\&Signature=tS\%2BM2azuJuUw3MFAFjaXnl357IQ\%3D\&response-content-disposition=inline\%3B\%20filename\%3DA_MULTICRITERIA_DECISION_SUPP}, author = {Alexiadis S. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390172, title = {Assessing the Costs of Sea Level Rise and Extreme Flooding at the Local Level; A GIS-Based Approach}, journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management}, volume = {59}, year = {2012}, pages = {47-62}, abstract = {This paper presents a systematic framework for assessing the costs of sea-level rise (SLR) and extreme flooding at the local level. The method is generic and transferable. It is built on coupling readily available GIS capabilities with quantitative estimates of the effects of natural hazards. This allows for the ex ante monetization of the main costs related to different scenarios of permanent inundation and periodic flooding. This approach can be used by coastal zone planners to generate vital information on land use, capital stock and population at risk for jurisdictions of different sizes. The simple mechanics of the method are presented with respect to two examples: one relates to the two largest coastal cities in Israel (Tel Aviv and Haifa) and the other to the Northern Coastal Strip region containing a variety of small towns and rural communities. The paper concludes with implications for coastal zone planning praxis.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569111002249}, author = {Lichter M. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390171, title = {Airport Relocation and Expansion and the Estimation of Derived Tourist Demand; The Case of Eilat, Israel}, journal = {Journal of Air Transport Management}, volume = {24}, year = {2012}, pages = {54-61}, abstract = {This paper looks at capacity expansion relating to an airport and the derived tourist demand that this facilitates. The context is the airport relocation planned for the tourist destination of Eilat, Israel. The paper addresses three issues. First, using a multi-regional input output model for Israel, we estimate the magnitude of the static inter-sectoral impacts associated with airport construction and operation and their impact on the regional and national economy. Second, we focus on the lag effects in this process as increased tourism demand does not elicit an immediate response on the supply side in terms of new hotel investment. Third, on the demand side, we estimate additional tourism expenditure in non-hotel activities over the period that the market adjusts and beyond.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969699712000956}, author = {Ergas Y. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390170, title = {Intra-Urban Mobility and Changing Density Functions in Tel Aviv,1995-2006}, booktitle = {Frenkel A, McCann P and Nijkamp P (eds), Societies in Motion: Regional Development, Industrial Innovation and Spatial Mobility}, year = {2012}, pages = {29-44}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Hazam S.} } @article {1390180, title = {Gender and Job Chains in Local Economic Development}, journal = {Economic Development Quarterly}, volume = {25}, year = {2011}, pages = {172-181}, abstract = {Over the past decade, the welfare evaluation of local economic development activities has become increasingly sophisticated. Projected or realized gains have been broken down by wage levels, household income levels, and race. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the distribution of gains by gender. In parallel, the gender literature has recognized the distribution of economic development activity by income group but not by vacancies. The authors present an evaluation approach{\textemdash}the\ job chains model{\textemdash}that combines the two. Occupations with a high proportion of women are identified and isolated at each wage level. The authors estimate the proportion of job chain vacancies induced by new {\textquotedblleft}female{\textquotedblright} jobs and their welfare impacts. Findings suggest that women are underrepresented in welfare gains associated with both male and female high-wage jobs. The applicability of the authors{\textquoteright} approach for evaluating alternative industrial targets is demonstrated.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0891242410393953}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Persky J.} } @article {1390178, title = {Capital Deepening and Regional Inequality: An Empirical Analysis}, journal = {Annals of Regional Science}, volume = {47}, year = {2011}, pages = {599-617}, abstract = {We present a simple reproducible methodology for constructing regional capital stock data, which we apply to Israel. We find that capital deepening has been sigma-convergent since 1985. This process is {\textquotedblleft}inverted{\textquotedblright} since capital stocks and capital{\textendash}labor ratios in the richer center have been catching-up with their counterparts in the poorer periphery. We explain this phenomenon in terms of fundamental changes in regional policy. Despite this, regional wages have not been sigma-convergent because other wage determinants have been sigma-divergent.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00168-010-0397-1}, author = {Beeenstock M. and Felsenstein D. and Benzeev N.} } @inbook {1390177, title = {Human Capital and Labor Mobility in Regional Innovation and Growth}, booktitle = {Cooke P, Asheim B, Martin R, Todtling F, Boschma R ansd Schwartz D (eds) Handbook on Regional Innovation and Growth}, year = {2011}, pages = {119-131}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, organization = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham UK}, url = {https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/handbook-of-regional-innovation-and-growth?___website=uk_warehouse}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390192, title = {On the Suitability of Income Inequality Measures for Regional Analysis: Some Evidence from Simulation Analysis and Bootstrapping Tests}, journal = {Socio-Economic Planning Sciences}, volume = {44}, year = {2010}, pages = {212-219}, abstract = {The paper looks at the sensitivity of commonly used income inequality measures to changes in the ranking, size and number of regions into which a country is divided. During the analysis, several test distributions of populations and incomes are compared with a {\textquoteleft}reference{\textquoteright} distribution, characterized by an even distribution of population across regional subdivisions. Random permutation tests are also run to determine whether inequality measures commonly used in regional analysis produce meaningful estimates when applied to regions of different population size. The results show that only the population weighted coefficient of variation (Williamson{\textquoteright}s index) and population-weighted Gini coefficient may be considered sufficiently reliable inequality measures, when applied to countries with a small number of regions and with varying population sizes.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038012110000145}, author = {Portnov B.A. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390191, title = {Spatial Error Correction and Cointegration in Non Stationary Panel Data: Regional House Prices in Israel}, journal = {Journal of Geographical Systems}, volume = {12}, year = {2010}, pages = {189-206}, abstract = {We {\textquotedblleft}spatialize{\textquotedblright} residual-based panel cointegration tests for nonstationary spatial panel data in terms of a spatial error correction model (SpECM). Local panel cointegration arises when the data are cointegrated within spatial units but not between them. Spatial panel cointegration arises when the data are cointegrated through spatial lags between spatial units but not within them. Global panel cointegration arises when the data are cointegrated both within and between spatial units. Spatial error correction arises when error correction occurs within and between spatial units. We use nonstationary spatial panel data on the housing market in Israel to illustrate the methodology. We show that regional house prices in Israel are globally cointegrated in the long run and there is evidence of spatial error correction in the short run.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10109-010-0114-8}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390190, title = {Simultaneous Modeling of Developer Behavior and Land Prices in UrbanSim}, journal = {Journal of Transportation and Land Use}, volume = {3}, year = {2010}, pages = {107-127}, abstract = {A strong inter-dependence exists between the decision to develop land and the expected returns to be gained from that development. Current practice in UrbanSim modeling treats developer behavior and the emergence of land prices as independent processes. This assumes that land prices are exogenous to the interaction between buyers and sellers{\textemdash}an assumption that is difficult to sustain in urban economics and real estate research. This paper presents an attempt to model the two processes as occurring simultaneously. Using the UrbanSim model for metropolitan Tel Aviv, we compare the results of forecasts for densities (residential and non-residential) and land values for the period 2001{\textendash}2020. Our results show that simultaneous estimation tends to produce more accentuated outcomes and volatile trends. The validity of these results and the implications of this approach in the wider context of land use modeling are discussed.}, url = {http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/170982}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Ashbel E.} } @article {1390189, title = {Is Property Assessment Really Essential for Taxation? Evaluating the Performance of an \&$\#$39;Alternative Assessment\&$\#$39; Method}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, volume = {27}, year = {2010}, pages = {1181-1189}, abstract = {Many countries evade the formal valuation of real property for taxation purposes by using qualitative and spatial criteria in order to pursue an equitable distribution of burden. This paper evaluates the performance of a prototypical setup as such, by analyzing the relationship between property value, household income and the actual tax paid, in the exact framework of which the qualitative criteria are set to determine tax assessment. Drawing on detailed data from the Israeli Household Expenditure Surveys 1997{\textendash}2005, the strong correlation between the three variables is evident. Yet, the limited differences in rates, compared with large variation in property value, make it regressive. Policy implications are relevant for many other countries using non-ad valorem taxation.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837710000335}, author = {Horne R. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390188, title = {Marshallian Theory of Regional Agglomeration}, journal = {Papers in Regional Science}, volume = {89}, year = {2010}, pages = {155-172}, abstract = {Most models of regional agglomeration are based on the new economic geography (NEG) model in which returns to scale are pecuniary. We investigate the implications for regional agglomeration of a {\textquoteleft}Marshallian{\textquoteright} model in which returns to scale derive from technological externalities. Workers are assumed to have heterogeneous {\textquoteleft}home region{\textquoteright} preferences. The model is designed to explain how {\textquoteleft}second nature{\textquoteright} determines regional wage inequality and the regional distribution of economic activity. We show that agglomeration is not a necessary outcome of Marshallian externalities. However, if centrifugal or positive externalities are sufficiently strong relative to their centripetal or negative counterparts, the model generates multiple agglomerating equilibria. These equilibria multiply if, in addition, there are scale economies in amenities. A dynamic version of the model is developed in which external economies and inter-regional labour mobility grow over time. Regional wage inequality overshoots its long run equilibrium and, there is more agglomeration in the long run.}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2009.00253.x/full}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390187, title = {Land Use-Transportation Modeling with UrbanSim: Experiences and Progress (Special Issue)}, booktitle = {Journal of Transportation and Land Use}, volume = {3 (2)}, year = {2010}, url = {https://jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/issue/view/7}, author = {Daniel Felsenstein and AXHAUSEN, KAY and Waddell, Paul} } @article {1390197, title = {Multipliers, Mark-Ups and Mobility Rents: In Defense of \&$\#$39;Chain Models\&$\#$39; in Urban and Regional Analysis}, journal = {Environment and Planning A}, volume = {40}, year = {2008}, pages = {2930-2948}, abstract = {Social scientists have long used {\textquoteleft}chain{\textquoteright} metaphors, yet their methodological justification remains somewhat hazy. This paper offers a rationale for using chains to measure changes in economic welfare in urban and regional contexts. In contrast to the Marshallian surplus, which well describes situations in which price changes generate rents in a single market, chains are especially useful in markets where changes lead to the transmission of demand or supply through a series of markets characterized by sticky prices and markups. This argument is illustrated by reference to chain-driven analyses of local production, labor, and housing markets. The institutional structures that underpin chain models are stressed.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/a4027}, author = {Persky J. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390196, title = {Job Chains and Wage Curves: Worker Mobility and Marshallian Surpluses in Evaluating Regional Employment Growth}, journal = {Journal of Regional Science}, volume = {48}, year = {2008}, pages = {921-940}, abstract = {In theory, new regional jobs yield two distinct sources of welfare gains to workers: (1) mobility gains achieved by workers as they move up job chains and (2) traditional Marshallian surpluses enjoyed by all workers as labor markets tighten. In the past, we have argued that the second channel is likely to be small relative to the first. This paper integrates a chain model (using PSID job change data) with a modified-Marshallian model based on {\textquotedblleft}wage curves{\textquotedblright} (estimated from CPS data) to formalize and test that argument. High wage jobs with modest wage{\textendash}unemployment elasticities show Marshallian effects only 10 percent to 20 percent the size of mobility effects. Low wage jobs with somewhat higher elasticities show Marshallian effects from 40 percent to 70 percent the size of mobility effects.}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2008.00581.x/full}, author = {Persky J. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390195, title = {Forecasting Regional Investment in the Hotel Industry: An Input-Output Approach}, journal = {Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy}, volume = {37}, year = {2008}, pages = {243-256}, abstract = {The tourism industry is characterized by severe shifts in demand that play havoc with forecasting future investment. Within the tourism industry, the need for large-scale initial capital investment in the hotel sector, make the latter particularly vulnerable to the vagaries of the tourism market. Given an up-turn in demand, the hotel industry cannot always respond immediately and its{\textquoteright} response is likely to vary across regions. There is therefore a need for a forecasting tool that can estimate the magnitude of the demand {\textquoteright}push{\textquoteright} that can stimulate the hotel sector into new investment and the extent to which this response is regionally differentiated. Using a multi-regional input output (MRIO) augmented by an investment matrix, this paper demonstrates the capabilities of such an approach. Regional hotel industry outputs for four classes of hotels in the six regions of Israel are estimated. Expected regional rates of return to hotel investment are compared with actual (reported) rates of return and the discrepancy between the two explained. Regional hotel (per room) capacity coefficients are also estimated and regional responses to an increase in demand of 100,000 extra tourists are calculated in terms of additional hotel rooms and capital investment.}, url = {http://www.jrap-journal.org/pastvolumes/2000/v37/F37-3-7.pdf}, author = {Freeman D. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390194, title = {Regional Heterogeneity, Conditional Convergence and Regional Inequality}, journal = {Regional Studies}, volume = {42}, year = {2008}, pages = {475-488}, abstract = {The paper stresses the importance of accounting for regional heterogeneity in the dynamic analysis of regional economic disparities. Studies of regional growth mainly presume that regions are homogeneous in their socio-demographic composition. It is argued that the analysis of regional convergence needs to be tested conditionally, i.e. conditional upon the socio-demographic structure of the workers in the various regions. To this end, various measures of conditional regional earnings inequality are estimated using Israeli regional data for the period 1991{\textendash}2002. The results show that about half of regional earnings inequality may be accounted for by the conditioning variables. Conditioning also makes a large difference to estimates of Gini and beta-convergence. Conditional beta and Gini mobility are about half their unconditional counterparts.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343400701291500}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390193, title = {A Mid-Level Methodology for Evaluating Economic Development Projects}, booktitle = {Rabin J, Munzenrider R. and Bartell S. (eds), Principles and Practices of Public Administration}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Marcell Dekker}, organization = {Marcell Dekker}, address = {NY}, url = {https://www.crcpress.com/Principles-And-Practices-Of-Public-Administration/Rabin-Munzenrider-Bartell/p/book/9780824750299}, author = {Persky J. and Wiewel W. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390204, title = {Terror, Fear and Behavior in the Jerusalem Housing Market}, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = {44}, year = {2007}, pages = {2529-2546}, abstract = {This paper tests the hypothesis that fear is a central factor in understanding human behaviour in the face of terror. This claim is addressed in the context of behaviour in the Jerusalem housing market over the terror-stricken years in the city, 1999{\textemdash}2004. Using a unique data source and the tools of spatial data analysis, the paper provides support for this hypothesis in three respects. First, patterns of terror in the city are shown to be increasingly deconcentrated over the period studied. Secondly, the types of terror having the sharpest effect on residential property prices are those most associated with randomness. Thirdly, the effect of terror is less on purchasing prices than on rental prices. The former represent revealed long-term behaviour less affected by fear and the latter, short-term behaviour more likely to be influenced by such disutility. The paper concludes with some of the policy implications arising from these findings.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00420980701558392}, author = {Hazam S. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390203, title = {Spatial Vector Autoregressions}, journal = {Spatial Economic Analysis}, volume = {2}, year = {2007}, pages = {167-196}, abstract = {A spatial vector autoregressive model (SpVAR) is defined as a VAR which includes spatial as well as temporal lags among a vector of stationary state variables. SpVARs may contain disturbances that are spatially as well as temporally correlated. Although the structural parameters are not fully identified in SpVARs, contemporaneous spatial lag coefficients may be identified by weakly exogenous state variables. Dynamic spatial panel data econometrics is used to estimate SpVARs. The incidental parameter problem is handled by bias correction rather than more popular alternatives such as generalised methods of moments (GMM). The interaction between temporal and spatial stationarity is discussed. The impulse responses for SpVARs are derived, which naturally depend upon the temporal and spatial dynamics of the model. We provide an empirical illustration using annual spatial panel data for Israel. The estimated SpVAR is used to calculate impulse responses between variables, over time, and across space. Finally, weakly exogenous instrumental variables are used to identify contemporaneous spatial lag coefficients.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17421770701346689}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390202, title = {Mobility and Mean Reversion in the Dynamics of Regional Inequality}, journal = {International Regional Science Review}, volume = {30}, year = {2007}, pages = {335-361}, abstract = {The literature on regional growth convergence and economic disparities has tended to confound four interwoven measurement phenomena: 1) mean reversion (so-called beta convergence){\textemdash}richer regions move towards the average from above and poorer regions from below; 2) diminishing inequality (so called sigma convergence){\textemdash}the horizontal or spatial distribution of income becomes more equal; 3) mobility{\textemdash}the rank of a region in the overall distribution of income changes either upwards or downwards; and 4) leveling{\textemdash}the richer regions become poorer (leveling-down) or the poorer regions become richer (leveling-up). We use a new statistical methodology that treats these four phenomena on an integrated basis. The methodology is applied to Israeli regional earnings. We show that regional earnings are Gini divergent, but after adjusting earnings for regional cost-of-living differential, this picture is reversed. In the absence of genuine cost-of-living data, a simple and practical method is proposed, whereby regional house price data are used to proxy regional cost-of-living differentials.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0160017607304542}, author = {Beenstock M. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390200, title = {Evaluating Local Job Creation: A \&$\#$39;Job Chains\&$\#$39; Perspective}, journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association}, volume = {73}, year = {2007}, pages = {23-34}, abstract = {This article introduces economic development planners to a new approach to evaluating local job creation efforts, an approach that explicitly considers the chains of employment vacancies that open up when new jobs are created. This {\textquotedblleft}job chains{\textquotedblright} model is an analytic framework for assessing the employment impacts associated with economic development programs and the social value of those impacts. The approach focuses on measuring the wage gains to job changers and placing realistic values on jobs for those not previously employed in the area. It explicitly considers both efficiency and distributional effects of job creation. We discuss the simple mechanics of the technique and present an example relating to the establishment of a large auto plant in a major Midwestern city. We conclude with practical ground rules for planners carrying out a job chains analysis of an economic development effort.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01944360708976134}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Persky J.} } @inbook {1390198, title = {Microsimulation of Metroplitan EmploymentDeconcentration: Application of the UrbanSim Model in the Tel Aviv Region}, booktitle = {Koomen E., Bakema A., Stillwell J and Schloten H. (eds), Modelling Land Use Change}, year = {2007}, pages = {199-218}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, abstract = {Employment deconcentration has become a major issue on the policy and planning agenda in many metropolitan areas throughout the western world. In recent years, growing evidence indicates that in many developed countries, the deconcentration of employment - particularly of retail centres and offices - has become a key planning issue. This chapter uses the\ UrbanSim\ forecasting and simulation model in order to investigate some of the projected changes in land use, land value and sociodemographic characteristics of metropolitan areas undergoing employment deconcentration. The process of model application in the Tel Aviv metropolitan context is described. Two land-use scenarios of very different scales are simulated: a macro-level scenario relating to the imposition of an {\textquoteleft}urban growth boundary{\textquoteright} and a micro-level scenario simulating the effects of a shopping mall construction in different parts of the metropolitan area. The results are discussed in terms of the potential and constraints of microsimulation for analyzing metropolitan growth processes.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-5648-2_12}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Ashbel E. and Ben-Nun A.} } @article {1390217, title = {Restricting Access in a Job Chains Model of Local Employment Creation}, journal = {Annals of Regional Science}, volume = {40}, year = {2006}, pages = {423-435}, abstract = {The job chains model of local labor market change is a demand-driven analytic device for estimating the effects of new job creation. This paper explores the effects of restricting supply, i.e., limiting job access, on the model{\textquoteright}s primary outcomes: vacancy chain multipliers, welfare effects, and distributional impacts. Major sources of labor supply are the local unemployed, out of the labor force and in-migrants. Three simulations are reported relating to (1) restricting new jobs to current local residents (i.e., no in-migrants), (2) restricting new jobs to current residents in the first round of hiring only, and (3) restricting hiring to local unemployed/out of labor force on the first round alone. The results are compared to the basic model that assumes no supply-side restrictions. In terms of chain length, welfare effects, distributional impacts, and policy palatability, first-round restrictions on in-migrants would seem to be the most plausible option. However, as an economic development strategy, well-targeted demand-side initiatives would still seem to be preferable.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00168-006-0067-5}, author = {Persky J. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390214, title = {Predicting the Impacts of Development Plans: Application of the UrbanSim Model to the Tel Aviv Metropolis}, volume = {3}, year = {2006}, pages = {142-162 (Hebrew)}, author = {Ashbel E. and Felsenstein D. and Ben Nun A.} } @article {1390210, title = {Examining the Economic Effects of Development Projetcts: The Use of a Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) Model for Planning Purposes}, journal = {Tichnun}, volume = {3}, year = {2006}, pages = {178-198 (Hebrew)}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Freeman D.} } @inbook {1390208, title = {Linking Supply and Demand in Local Labor Markets (Special Issue)}, booktitle = {Annals of Regional Science}, volume = {40 (2)}, year = {2006}, edition = {2}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00168-006-0064-8}, author = {Daniel Felsenstein and Ron McQuaid} } @inbook {1390206, title = {Computer Models in Israeli Planning (Special Issue)}, booktitle = {Tichnun - Journal of the Israeli Planning Association (Hebrew)}, year = {2006}, author = {Daniel Felsenstein} } @article {1390242, title = {Understanding Regional Inequalities in Small Countries}, journal = {Regional Studies}, volume = {39}, year = {2005}, pages = {647-658}, abstract = {This paper revisits the commonly held view that small countries do not exhibit significant regional disparities. The issue is framed as one in which the attributes of small size (land area, population and the magnitude of the economy) are mediated by a series of spatial and non-spatial factors such as distance, density, factor mobility, natural resources, land supply, social cohesion and governance structure. Given the existence of these mediators, the magnitude of regional disparities in small countries is not as surprising as it may seem at first glance.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343400500151921}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Portnov B.} } @book {1390241, title = {Regional Disparities in Small Countries}, year = {2005}, pages = {330}, url = {http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540243038}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Portnov B.} } @inbook {1390240, title = {Measures of Regional Inequality for Small Countries}, booktitle = {Felsenstein D. and Portnov B. (eds) Regional Disparities in Small Countries}, year = {2005}, pages = {47-62}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-27639-4_4}, author = {Portnov B. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390227, title = {The Liability of Smallness; Can We Expect Less Regional Disparities in Small Countries?}, booktitle = {Felsenstein D. and Portnov B (eds), Regional Disparities in Small Countries}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-27639-4_2}, author = {Felsenstein. D. and Portnov B.} } @inbook {1390224, title = {Translating Employment Concentration into Land Consumption: Some Results from the Chicago Metropolitan Area}, booktitle = {Atzema O., Rietveld P. and Shefer D. (eds), Regions, Land Consumption and Sustainable Growth: Assessing the Impact of the Public and Private Sectors}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, organization = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham UK}, url = {https://books.google.co.il/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=EDmx99zTXE8C\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA79\&dq=Translating+Employment+Concentration+into+Land+Consumption:+Some+Results+from+the+Chicago+Metropolitan+Area\&ots=nG1W1T5kfw\&sig=qRA7BNmiK7ra6O_HmN7TdO5ZnmM\&redir_esc=y$\#$v=onepage\&q}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390223, title = {Entries on \&$\#$39;Export Base Theory\&$\#$39;, \&$\#$39;Economies of Scale\&$\#$39;, \&$\#$39;Tiebout Hypothesis\&$\#$39;,\&$\#$39;Science Parks\&$\#$39;, \&$\#$39;Technopoles\&$\#$39;}, booktitle = {Caves R.W (ed), Encyclopedia of the City}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, address = {London, UK}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-City-Roger-W-Caves/dp/0415862876}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390263, title = {Face-to-Face or Cyberspace? Choosing the Internet as an Intermediary in the Israeli Travel Market}, journal = {Tourism Economics}, volume = {10}, year = {2004}, pages = {345-359}, abstract = {Existing studies of the trend towards electronic provision of travel services tend to be highly bifurcated. They focus either on the supply-side characteristics of this change (new technologies and mediation platforms) or on the demand-side attributes, such as the socio-economic profile of the Internet user and attitudes towards electronic purchasing in the travel market. The latter approach, however, can lead to sample selectivity bias and misleading parameter estimates. It fails to recognize that actual Internet travel purchases are observable only for individuals who have made the prior decision to use the Internet as a market intermediary. This paper addresses this drawback by modelling the decision to purchase travel products on the Internet in a bivariate probit framework. The choice of travel service intermediary, travel agent (face-to-face) or Internet (cyberspace), is determined by the joint probabilities of general Internet purchasing and specific Internet travel purchasing. Using unique survey evidence of actual Internet transactions, the discrepancies between preferences for Internet travel purchasing and actual travel purchases are highlighted. The results suggest that demand for the latter is more closely related to previous Internet purchasing experience than to the socio-economic attributes of the purchaser.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5367/0000000041895067}, author = {Fleischer A. and Felsenstein D.} } @book {1390262, title = {Does \&$\#$39;Trickle-Down\&$\#$39; Work? Economic Development Strategies and Job Chains in Local Labor Markets}, year = {2004}, pages = {177}, publisher = {Upjohn Institute of Employment Research}, organization = {Upjohn Institute of Employment Research}, address = {Kalamazoo, MI}, abstract = {

These are basic questions that, because of difficulties in evaluating the effects of state and local economic incentives, are often left unanswered. This book, however, offers a solution to this problem. Persky, Felsenstein, and Carlson explore a new framework for evaluating state and local economic development efforts. They propose a method, referred to as the ""job-chains approach,"" that they say clarifies the potential justifications for economic development subsidies as well as the limitations surrounding these efforts. This innovative approach addresses not only the number of job vacancies created as a result of a subsidized business investment or expansion, but also the extent to which gains are achieved by the unemployed and the underemployed, whether skilled or unskilled.

Application of the authors{\textquoteright} job-chains model leads to novel insights into local economic development evaluation and strategy. First, where standard employment multipliers focus exclusively on horizontal multipliers{\textemdash}increasing demand for locally produced products and services{\textemdash}the job-chains model identifies the existence of vertical multipliers, or links that work through job vacancies created by job changers. Second, using the job-chains model allows the authors to develop a technique for evaluating the welfare value of employment creation. The mechanics of job chains result in this value spreading more broadly across the local population than the original new jobs that created the chains. And third, the job chains perspective affords new insights into labor market dynamics by introducing individual preferences and behavioral probabilities into job choice.

}, url = {http://www.upjohn.org/publications/upjohn-institute-press/does-trickle-down-work-economic-development-strategies-and-job}, author = {Persky J. and Felsenstein D. and Carlson V.} } @inbook {1390259, title = {Short-Run Output and Employment Effects Arising from Assistance to Tourism SME\’s: Evidence from Israel}, booktitle = {Thomas R (ed), Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives}, year = {2004}, pages = {71-81}, publisher = {Elsevier}, organization = {Elsevier}, address = {Holland}, url = {https://books.google.co.il/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=Fb8APFghLJYC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA71\&dq=Short-Run+Output+and+Employment+Effects+Arising+from+Assistance+to+Tourism+SME\%E2\%80\%99s:+Evidence+from+Israel\&ots=eNpFHIymGS\&sig=oMyOpcQ1YlDC7r4MC6hXH4dUeJY\&redir_esc=y$\#$v=onepag}, author = {Fleischer A. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390257, title = {Evaluating the Welfare Outcomes of Local Economic Development: A Job Chains Approach}, booktitle = {Reese L. and Fasenfest D. (eds), Critical Perspectives in Local Economic Development}, year = {2004}, pages = {130-144}, publisher = {Wayne State University Press}, organization = {Wayne State University Press}, address = {Detroit MI}, author = {Persky J. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390264, title = {Local Festivals and Tourism Promotion: The Role of Public Assistance and Visitor Expenditure}, journal = {Journal of Travel Research}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, pages = {385-392}, abstract = {Local festivals are increasingly being used as instruments for promoting tourism and boosting the regional economy. This is often reflected in the level of public assistance made available to them. However, it is difficult to assess the extent of the contribution of the festival to local economic growth, and most studies do not examine this issue beyond standard multiplier impacts. This study looks at two local festivals that take place annually in northern Israel. On the basis of detailed data on public assistance and visitor expenditure patterns, it goes beyond the basic impact analysis framework. A method is presented that accounts for net local income increase induced by the festival. The results show modest but positive local growth, suggesting some justification for public assistance for local festivals as a tourism strategy. Policy implications related to increasing the volume of visitors and their spending are discussed.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0047287503041004007}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Fleischer A.} } @article {1390277, title = {Small-Scale Entrepreneurship and Access to Capital in Peripheral Locations: An Empirical Analysis}, journal = {Growth and Change}, volume = {33}, year = {2002}, pages = {196-215}, abstract = {This paper presents an analysis of a public assistance program for small{\textendash}scale entrepreneurship in peripheral areas. Public assistance compensates for market inefficiencies where the decision rules of financial institutions discriminate against otherwise viable small firms in capital markets. Lending institutions perceive high risk in providing debt capital when little information is present. Using empirical data from Israel, the determinants of this risk are estimated and the role of location in creating this information asymmetry is stressed. These results empirically establish that (1) location matters in determining the risk profile of the firm, (2) locationally targeted programs can reduce the information asymmetries that make peripheral firms unattractive to lenders, and (3) these programs can also generate positive welfare effects. Finally, there is speculation on the potential role of ICT (information and communications technology) in increasing the visibility of small firms in remote locations and creating a more symmetrical flow of information.}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0017-4815.00187/abstract}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Fleischer A.} } @article {1390276, title = {Do High Technology Agglomerations Encourage Urban Sprawl?}, journal = {Annals of Regional Science}, volume = {36}, year = {2002}, pages = {663-682}, abstract = {This paper looks at the impact of high technology employment concentrations on urban sprawl. A methodology for translating spatial employment patterns, into place of residence patterns, is presented. On this basis, the consumption of land at the urban fringe due to both residential and non-residential uses, is estimated. The method is tested empirically using data relating to the two main outer suburban agglomerations of high technology activity in the Chicago metropolitan area. Two counter-factual situations are simulated. The first relates to a spatial counter-factual whereby the high tech concentrations develop in the city of Chicago or within the inner suburbs. The second presents an industry counter-factual that estimates the land consumption impacts arising from the development of an alternative industrial concentration in the same location. The results of the actual and hypothetical cases are compared. They point to a considerable saving in acreage in all alternative scenarios. Some policy implications are highlighted.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s001680200101}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390275, title = {Cost-Benefit Analysis Using Economic Surpluses: A Case Study of a Televised Event}, journal = {Journal of Cultural Economics}, volume = {26}, year = {2002}, pages = {139-156}, abstract = {Economic impact studies based on short-run spending injections and multipliers lack conceptual ties to measures of economic surplus, fail to capture intangible benefits and generally fail to measure costs. In this case study of the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) held in Israel in 1999, national benefits from the government-financed televising of the ESC are measured as producer surplus (approximated by private sector incremental profits), consumer surplus (measured as the incremental willingness to pay for an event staged at home) and government surplus (linked to national implicit benefits in the form of promotional advertising cost savings). The opportunity costs of diverting resources to this particular televised event are expressly included as an offset to these gross surplus benefits. Despite the conservative approach, the results show moderate social justification for public support of this high profile televised spectacle and suggest that a cost-benefit approach to cultural events can have wider applications.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1014447018099}, author = {Fleischer A. and Felsenstein D.} } @book {1390273, title = {Emerging Nodes in the Global Economy: Frankfurt and Tel Aviv Compared}, year = {2002}, pages = {278}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, abstract = {Cities form one of the principal arenas in which globalization processes are manifest. Much of the interest in the urban outcomes of globalization is focused on a limited number of iconic {\textquoteright}global{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}world{\textquoteright} cities. Most places however will never attain that status. They are more likely to play limited and specialized roles in a world economy increasingly dominated by flows.\ Emerging Nodes in a Global Network\ looks at the temporal and volatile ways in which two such cities, Frankfurt and Tel Aviv, engage the global economy. The central thesis of the book contends that the current round of globalization is characterized by places selectively functioning as nodes within global networks. Drawing on a combination of qualitative and quantitative empirical studies of leading sectors in Frankfurt and Tel Aviv (financial and business services, high technology, air transportation, tourism and cultural industries), the process of network formation is systematically analyzed and the role of national and regional policy is highlighted.\ 
Audience:\ This book will be of major interest to academics, researchers, practitioners and policy makers in the areas of urban and economic geography, public policy and economic development. It also provides valuable material for government officials and regional and national agencies involved in metropolitan planning and development.}, url = {http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781402009242}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Schamp E. and Shachar A.} } @inbook {1390272, title = {Tel Aviv as a Global High Tech \‘Hot Spot\’: Does Location Really Matter?}, booktitle = {Felsenstein D., Schamp E. and Shachar A. (2002) (eds), Emerging Nodes in the Global Economy: Frankfurt and Tel Aviv Compared}, year = {2002}, pages = {109-130}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, abstract = {

One of the most salient features of technological development and progress is its tendency to agglomeration in space. Popular accounts glorify the emergence of these new global high tech {\textquoteleft}hot-spots{\textquoteright} (Business Week, 1998; Newsweek, 1998) and academic studies debate their uniqueness (Bania, Eberts and Fogarty, 1993; Castells and Hall, 1994, Pouder and St. John, 1996). However, one feature that seems to have been over-looked relates to the extent to which these agglomerations are concretely linked into their regional and national economies. If they act as integral components in their regional contexts, then we would expect some form of unique linkages to exist between them and their environs, linkages which could not exist if the concentration was located elsewhere. On the other hand, if they function purely as nodes in global networks, then the local context within which they perform will act purely as a back-drop. In this kind of abstract environment, little uniqueness is related to a specific location. The external economies of the agglomeration could have developed in similar fashion somewhere else. As Krugman notes with respect to the Los Angeles economy:

(the people of L.A.) are there because of each other: if one could uproot the whole city and move it 500 miles, the economic base would hardly be affected (Krugman 1996, p. 209).

}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-1408-2_6}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Ergas Y.} } @inbook {1390270, title = {Investing in an Emerging Node: Foreign-Owned Companies in the Tel Aviv Economy}, booktitle = {Felsenstein D., Schamp E. and Shachar A. (2002) (eds), Emerging Nodes in the Global Economy: Frankfurt and Tel Aviv Compared}, year = {2002}, pages = {57-80}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, abstract = {This chapter investigates Israel{\textquoteright}s role as an {\textquoteleft}emerging node{\textquoteright} in the global economy through the prism of foreign direct investment (FDI). Empirically, we investigate the probability that a foreign-owned firm will locate in Tel Aviv. Foreign ownership is taken here as representing one facet of globalization. While we are aware that globalization processes encompass much more than the presence of foreign investors in the domestic economy and should also include some investigation of Israeli firms operating abroad, this topic will be touched on, inter-alia, through the analysis of patterns of FDI. As will be noted, much of this latter process is bound up with FDI in that many Israeli, technologically advanced, firms that try to break into global markets do so through by being incorporated or traded abroad (see chapter 6 and also Haaretz, 2000; Red Herring, 2000). A presence abroad is therefore linked to some form of foreign control over local firms and thus the two facets of globalization are inter-linked.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-1408-2_4}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Ergas Y.} } @inbook {1390269, title = {High Technology Employment Concentration and Urban Sprawl in the Chicago Metropolitan Area}, booktitle = {Wiewel W. and Persky J. (eds), Suburban Sprawl: Private Decisions and Public Policy}, year = {2002}, pages = {207-227}, publisher = {ME Sharpe Inc}, organization = {ME Sharpe Inc}, address = {Armonck, NY}, url = {https://books.google.co.il/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=-ajRjJFwYiMC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA207\&dq=\%E2\%80\%9CHigh+Technology+Employment+Concentration+and+Urban+Sprawl+in+the+Chicago+Metropolitan+Area\&ots=8R5XZAr4-D\&sig=U5twlVbivNGfGJZqd44go4X8TeA\&redir_esc=y$\#$v=onepage\&q=\%E2\%80}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390267, title = {Globalization Trends in the Cultural Industries of tel Aviv}, booktitle = {Felsenstein D., Schamp E. and Shachar A. (2002) (eds), Emerging Nodes in the Global Economy: Frankfurt and Tel Aviv Compared}, year = {2002}, pages = {237-256}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, abstract = {This study focuses on globalization trends in the cultural industries of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. It is well known that global centers are often cultural service centers as well. London, New York, Paris and Moscow are all economic hubs in the global system but are also cultural centers. The centrality of a cultural node can be measured (like the centrality of any node in a system) through observing the flows into and out of that center (see above Chapters 1 and 6). The identification of flows gives a more dynamic view of the relations between nodes than do static rankings (Beaverstock\ et al., 2000). In addition, attribute-based characterizations are particularly likely to under-identify {\textquoteleft}emerging{\textquoteright} nodes and the activities that take place within them. As such, a flows-based approach seems more appropriate for yielding insights into the way emerging nodes attempt to break into global networks using cultural activity as a vehicle of entry.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-1408-2_12}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Barkai H.} } @inbook {1390265, title = {Globalization Processes and their Impact on the Structure of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area}, booktitle = {Felsenstein D., Schamp E. and Shachar A. (2002) (eds), Emerging Nodes in the Global Economy: Frankfurt and Tel Aviv Compared}, year = {2002}, pages = {35-56}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, abstract = {The chapter deals with processes of change in the functional structure of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area (TAMA) in the wake of economic globalization processes of the 1980s and 1990s. Of all the components making up the spatial organization of the TAMA, the chapter focuses on the development of two Central Business Districts (CBD) in metropolitan Tel Aviv: the traditional central city business arena and a new emerging center. Rather than heralding the formation of a polycentric urban structure, the new Tel Aviv CBD represents a real-estate led response at generating a new center of gravity for economic activity in Tel Aviv. The new center therefore competes vigorously with the established center. A further unique feature of the developing metropolitan structure is the ex nihilo nature of the new development. Instead of following the well-known pattern of incremental CBD expansion via new building at the margins of the established center, the new Tel Aviv business district represents an attempt at re-directing growth to a new location altogether.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-1408-2_3}, author = {Shachar A. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390288, title = {Estimating the Impacts of Cross-Border Competition: The Case of Gambling in Israel and Egypt}, journal = {Tourism Management}, volume = {22}, year = {2001}, pages = {511-521}, abstract = {This paper presents an empirical estimation of crossborder competition in the casino gambling sector. Informed by the {\textquoteleft}prisoners dilemma{\textquoteright} hypothesis, the paper proceeds to examine various competitive situations likely to arise with the introduction of casino gambling at two tourist locations on opposite sides of the Israeli{\textendash}Egyptian border. Numerical estimations of the outcomes of three different situations are presented and the impact analysis method is described. The results point to small positive impacts and the volatility of this form of tourism development. The implications of the results point to the limited role of casino gambling in tourism development and the weighty monetary impact of social costs.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517701000061}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Freeman D.} } @book {1390283, title = {Public Investment and Regional Economic Development}, year = {2001}, pages = {271}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, organization = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, abstract = {

The relationship between public investment and regional econimic development is of perennial interest. It is particularly topical now as issues of infrastructre and innovation are high on policy agendas in may countries. Public investment is often viewed as possible method for {\textquoteright}jump-starting{\textquoteright} lagging regional economics and also as a requirement for the continued development of more prosperous regions. Public investment and Regional Economic Development provides systematic analysis of the complex relationship betweem public investment and regional economic development.
The authors offer new insights into the key issues of regional growth, and present a broad variety of perspectives ranging from transport and housing infrastructure through to human capital and innovation.

With contributions from leading regional scientists, and each themed section of the book prefaced with an editorial introduction to ensure coherence, this illumination book is sure to offer policymakers new research insights in key issues of regional growth. Academics and researchers of urban and regional planning, geography and economic development will also find the book of great interest.

}, url = {https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/public-investment-and-regional-economic-development?___website=uk_warehouse}, author = {Felsenstein D. and McQuaid R. and P., McCann and Shefer D.} } @book {1390282, title = {Promoting Local Growth: Process, Practice and Policy}, year = {2001}, pages = {392}, publisher = {Ashgate}, organization = {Ashgate}, address = {Aldershot, UK}, abstract = {As globalisation increases, much of the economic growth is found at local and regional levels. This monograph features a collection of papers by an international selection of writers which examine the factors promoting this sub-national economic growth. The collection focuses on the new industries that drive this growth, how policy is implemented to facilitate it, and the new forms of governance emerging as a means of regulating this economic activity. Issues considered include: the role of these new industries; income, employment, job creation and training; relationships between global and local forces; and the importance of sub-national governance}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Promoting-Local-Growth-Organisation-Industrial/dp/075461686X}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Taylor M.} } @inbook {1390281, title = {National and Regional Economic Impacts of the Silicon Valley}, booktitle = {idgoli H. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Information Systems}, year = {2001}, publisher = {Academic Press}, organization = {Academic Press}, address = {San Diego CA}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/referenceworks/9780122272400}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390280, title = {A \‘Job Chains\’ Model for Assessing Employment Creation in Local Labor Markets}, booktitle = {Felsenstein D., McQuaid R., McCann P. and Shefer D. (2001) (eds), Public Investment and Regional Economic Development}, year = {2001}, pages = {173-190}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, organization = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, url = {https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/public-investment-and-regional-economic-development?___website=uk_warehouse}, author = {Persky J. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1390279, title = {Gambling on the Border: Casinos, Tourism Development and the Prisoner\’s Dilemma}, booktitle = {Krakover S. and Gradus Y. (eds.), Tourism in Frontier Areas}, year = {2001}, pages = {95-113}, publisher = {Lexington}, organization = {Lexington}, address = {KY}, url = {https://books.google.co.il/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=OZYNYx2VoK8C\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA95\&dq=\%E2\%80\%9CGambling+on+the+Border:+Casinos,+Tourism+Development+and+the+Prisoner\%E2\%80\%99s+Dilemma\&ots=vbUnACvZhx\&sig=ZmAkCcUrBVTu4sbhScp2qcKJsGA\&redir_esc=y$\#$v=onepage\&q=\%E2\%80\%9CG}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Freeman D.} } @inbook {1390278, title = {Analyzing Local Growth: Moving Beyond Income and Employment Counts}, booktitle = {Felsenstein D. and Taylor M. (2001) (eds), Promoting Local Growth: Process, Practices and Policy}, year = {2001}, pages = {29-42}, publisher = {Ashgate}, organization = {Ashgate}, address = {Aldershot, UK}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Promoting-Local-Growth-Organisation-Industrial/dp/075461686X}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390292, title = {Support for Rural Tourism: Does it Make a Difference?}, journal = {Annals of Tourism Research}, volume = {27}, year = {2000}, pages = {1007-1024}, abstract = {The promotion of small-scale tourism is intuitively perceived as a suitable form of economic development for rural areas. However, its impact is controversial and not always obvious. To examine these issues, this paper presents an empirical analysis of public support to small-scale tourism enterprises in rural areas in Israel. Using the tools of cost-effectiveness and cost{\textendash}benefit analysis, public assistance for this type of activity is shown to be able to generate considerable returns. Methodological issues in this kind of analysis are also discussed and the policy implications arising with respect to the suitability of different forms of tourism activity in rural areas are presented.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738399001267}, author = {Fleischer A. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390291, title = {Capital Assistance for Small Firms: Some Implications for Regional Economic Welfare}, journal = {Geographical Analysis}, volume = {32}, year = {2000}, pages = {36-49}, abstract = {This paper analyzes the role of finance capital in regional economic development. A cost-benefit approach is invoked in order to estimate the welfare impacts of a regional loan and guarantee program for small firms in Israel. Program-created employment is treated as a benefit and an employment account that separates net from gross employment, is presented. An estimate of net wage benefits is then derived. This involves adjusting wages across different earnings classes in order to account for the variation in opportunity costs of labor at different levels. The estimation of costs includes the opportunity costs of capital, administration, default, and tax-raising costs. Results point to substantial regional welfare effects. We stress the need to account for changing regional economic structure in this kind of evaluation framework.}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2000.tb00414.x/abstract}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Fleischer A.} } @inbook {1390290, title = {The Economic Impacts of a Regional College: The Case of Maale Efraim}, booktitle = {Eshel Y. (ed.) Studies of Judea and Samaria}, year = {2000}, pages = {307-325}, publisher = {Research Authority, College of Judea and Samaria (Hebrew)}, organization = {Research Authority, College of Judea and Samaria (Hebrew)}, address = {Ariel, Israel}, author = {Freeman D. and Felsenstein D. and Fleischer A.} } @inbook {1390289, title = {University-Related Science Parks - \&$\#$39;Seedbeds\&$\#$39; or \&$\#$39;Enclaves\&$\#$39; of Innovation?}, booktitle = {Westhead P. and Wright M (eds.), Advances in Entrepreneurship}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, organization = {Edward Elgar}, address = {UK}, url = {http://www.e-elgar.com/shop/advances-in-entrepreneurship}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390297, title = {When is a Cost Really a Benefit? Local Welfare Effects and Employment Creation in the Evaluation of Economic Development Programs}, journal = {Economic Development Quarterly}, volume = {13}, year = {1999}, pages = {46-54}, abstract = {This article claims that the local welfare effects of employment generation are often treated inadequately in the evaluation of economic development programs. Opportunity costs of labor are often either ignored or overstated, resulting in misleading indicators of welfare changes. Appropriately accounting for these costs requires recognizing employment creation as a benefit in terms of the chain reaction that it sets off in the local labor market. This article uses the concept of {\textquotedblleft}job chains{\textquotedblright} and describes the different labor market circumstances in which they are likely to form. The local development of these chains, the impacts of in-migrants on their length, and the likelihood of their completion within the local area are all particularly important economic development issues with public policy implications. The article discusses the empirical estimation of these chains and their implications for evaluating the welfare impacts of alternative economic development projects.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/089124249901300107}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Persky J.} } @article {1390295, title = {Measuring the Employment Impacts of a Regional Small Business Assistance Program}, journal = {Public Administration Quarterly}, volume = {23}, year = {1999}, pages = {313-340}, abstract = {This article presents a relatively simple and transparent accounting-type approach to measuring employment impacts that can be applied by practitioners and policy analysts. This method uses program-generated employment impacts as a starting point and then adjusts these figures to account for the issues outlined in the text. These adjustments are performed using a variety of readily available indices and coefficients that are generated by some of the stock tools of regional analysis. The workings of this approach are then illustrated using data on a regional small business assistance program operating in Israel. The results emphasize the discrepancy between program-declared employment outcomes (gross employment impacts) and those "distilled" from the data on the basis of the procedure outlined below (net employment impacts). The conclusions relate to the need for methods and tools that will give analysts and practitioners the capability for performing rigorous yet straightforward evaluations of public policy.}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40861788?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Fleischer A. and Sidi A.} } @article {1390294, title = {Casino Gambling as Local Growth Generation: Playing the Economic Development Game in Reverse?}, journal = {Journal of Urban Affairs}, volume = {21}, year = {1999}, pages = {409-422}, abstract = {Over the past decade, casino gambling has become increasingly popular as a local economic development strategy. This article makes the case that using gambling as an economic development tool presupposes a rather different economicdevelopment {\textquotedblleft}game{\textquotedblright} from that traditionally played. While the introduction of gambling into a community might induce the same short-run effects (local jobs and incomes) as the introduction of any other economic development project, the economic development processes at work are very different. This article compares the way the economic development game is traditionally played to the way it is played {\textquotedblleft}in reverse{\textquotedblright} when casino gambling is used as the tool. The main differences are in the areas of community-corporate relations, fiscal versus economic impacts, market development, the role of government, and the provision of public goods. In light of these differences, distinctions in strategic behavior are drawn. Empirical evidence from Indiana is used to analyze the economic development game as played in the traditional setting of corporate recruitment and in the context of casino gambling. The conclusions point to some of the factors that constrain a community from fully maximizing its negotiating advantage as a resource holder.}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0735-2166.00028/abstract}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Littlepage L. and Klacik D.} } @inbook {1390293, title = {Expenditure and Knowledge-Based Regional Impacts Associated with a University; Some Empirical Evidence}, booktitle = {Rietveld P. and Shefer D. (eds), Regional Development in an Age of Structural Economic Change}, year = {1999}, pages = {73-94}, publisher = {Ashgate}, organization = {Ashgate}, address = {Aldershot UK}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Regional-Development-Structural-Economic-Change/dp/1840148241}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390303, title = {Simulating the Impacts of Gambling in a Tourist Location; Some Evidence from Israel}, journal = {Journal of Travel Research}, volume = {37}, year = {1998}, pages = {145-155}, abstract = {Gambling and tourism are often perceived as comple mentary activities. This article examines this relationship both conceptually and empirically. While land-based casino gambling is not a legalized activity at present in Israel, the economic impacts of introducing a casino at Israel{\textquoteright}s premier vacation resort, Eilat, are simulated. This ex ante evaluation shows that much of the output, income, and employment gains generated by a casino are likely to be captured outside the region and that localized impacts are small. The dis placement of existing local economic activity is examined, and the case of increased tourism expenditures generated by the casino is simulated. The public policy implications of these findings point to the necessity of developing activities that complement tourism at the local level, not just at the na tional level. The gambling-tourism relationship simulated for Eilat shows that national and local interests are not al ways synonymous.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/004728759803700206}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Freeman D.} } @article {1390302, title = {Market Failure and the Estimation of Subsidy Size in a Regional Entrepreneurship Program}, journal = {Entrepreneurship and Regional Development}, volume = {10}, year = {1998}, pages = {151-165}, abstract = {Capital subsidy programmes aimed at small businesses attempt to compensate for market failures that exist in the conventional financing markets. The existence of these market failures means that some small firms can be denied access to credit despite the fact that they have viable business projects. This rejection occurs because the {\textquoteleft}risk profile{\textquoteright} of the small business is likely to be weighted by factors other than project viability such as ownership structure, business experience and location of the firm. Information on firms with these characteristics is often limited and thus they are overlooked by otherwise well-functioning credit markets. This paper presents an empirical examination of the subsidy embodied in a capital assistance programme that addresses this situation. Data are analysed pertaining to nearly 500 loans and loan guarantees authorized for small businesses in peripheral regions in Israel over the period 1993{\textendash}95. The gross size of the subsidy embodied in the programme is calculated and a methodology is presented. Employment impacts of the programme are also presented. On this basis, the magnitude of the subsidy-per-job is estimated and the implications of this kind of programme for increasing regional welfare are discussed.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08985629800000009}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Fleischer A. and Sidi A.} } @article {1390300, title = {Indices for Distance Measurement in Halacha}, journal = { Studies in Israeli Geography}, volume = {15}, year = {1998}, pages = {214-228 (Hebrew)}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1390299, title = {Does Gambling Complement the Tourist Industry? Some Empirical Evidence of Import Substitution and Demand Displacement}, journal = {Tourism Economic}, volume = {4}, year = {1998}, pages = {213-232}, abstract = {The complementarities between tourism and gambling at the local level are examined empirically from two rather different gambling environments (Indiana, USA and Eilat, Israel) in order to show how gambling acts as an import substitution activity and impacts on existing demand. In both contexts, the sources of demand for gambling, the extent to which these are {\textquoteright}tourist{\textquoteright} sources and the question of gambling-generated demand displacing existing tourist demand, are examined. Despite the rather different market and political contexts in Indiana and Israel, the findings on the gambling-tourism relationship and the effect of gambling on local economies, are remarkably consistent. In both cases, gambling is seen to be grounded in import-substitution rather than pure {\textquoteright}export{\textquoteright} activity. Additionally, in both cases there is evidence that the introduction of gambling displaces tourist demand. The policy implications of these findings point to the need to differentiate between local and national impacts of gambling and between the local fiscal and local economic development impacts.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/135481669800400301}, author = {Przybylski M. and Felsenstein D. and Freeman D. and Littlepage L.} } @inbook {1390298, title = {Time-Distance Substitution in Halacha}, booktitle = {Brodsky H and Mitchell R.(ed), Land and Community; Geography in Jewish Studies}, year = {1998}, pages = {67-86}, publisher = {University of Maryland Press}, organization = {University of Maryland Press}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Land-Community-Geography-Studies-History/dp/1883053307}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429106, title = {A Mid-Level Methodology for Evaluating Economic Development Projects}, journal = { International Journal of Public Administration}, volume = {20}, year = {1997}, pages = {1489-1511}, abstract = {This article describes the key elements of a computerized spreadsheet model that can be used by public officials and agency staff to assess in advance the likely economic and fiscal effects of economic development projects. While the model in its current state is based on Chicago, local data can be used to adapt it to other places. The project is innovative in its use of current economic theory, data, and tools to create a model useable on a routine basis by non-specialist public agency staff. The aim is to narrow the gap between academic economic analysis and public sector practice. A key element of the model is that it was developed in close cooperation with staff of the Chicago Department of Planning and Development and combines rigorous economic analysis with the political priorities and choices of public agency staff. Also, the model includes key data about the local economy and standard industry data, but can be overridden by an\ analyst if project-specific information is available.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01900699708525260}, author = {Persky J. and Wiewel W. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429105, title = {The Making of a High Technology Node; Foreign-Owned Companies in Israeli Industry}, journal = { Regional Studies}, volume = {31}, year = {1997}, pages = {367-380}, abstract = {This paper conceptualizes the role of Israel{\textquoteright}s high technology sector as that of a node in a global production network. A node can be characterized by the intensity of the incoming and outgoing flow of information, investments and so on, that pass through it. Foreign investment is one indicator of the centrality of a node. Using case study and aggregate firm level evidence of US foreign investment in Israeli high technology, the paper tests the hypothesis that foreign involvement in the node economy is based on a rather different set of forces than those suggested by the foreign investment literature. The results seem to indicate the importance of node-type factors such as the centrality of small firms in R\&D activity and labour force stability, rather than the standard determinants such as incentives, labour costs and infrastructure. The implications and policy issues relating to the development of a node economy are discussed.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343409750132973}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429104, title = {Integrating Hard-To-Measure Externalities into the Evaluation of Economic Development Program}, journal = {Town Planning Review}, volume = {68}, year = {1997}, pages = {55-80}, abstract = {This paper seeks to illustrate that within a systematic and reproducible evaluation framework there is room for subjective inputs based on local experience and knowledge. A spreadsheet model for evaluating economic development projects is presented which also evaluates "neighbourhood spillover impacts" generated by local economic development projects. These spillover effects - visual impacts in the neighbourhood, investor confidence and so on - are classified and characterised and a quantitative index is constructed in order to gauge the magnitude of their impact. Two hypothetical case studies are presented to suggest the trade-offs between monetary benefits and neighbourhood effects.}, url = {http://online.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/abs/10.3828/tpr.68.1.n210m860536p8517?journalCode=tpr}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Persky J. and Wiewel W.} } @inbook {1429103, title = {How Do We Know that \&$\#$39;But-For the Incentives\&$\#$39; the Development Would Not Have Occurred?}, booktitle = {Bingham R.D. and Mier R. (eds), Dilemas of Urban Economic Development: Issues in Theory and Practice}, year = {1997}, pages = {28-46}, publisher = {Sage}, organization = {Sage}, address = {Newbury Park, CA}, url = {https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/dilemmas-of-urban-economic-development/book6167}, author = {Persky J. and Felsenstein D. and Wiewel W.} } @inbook {1429102, title = {Economic Development and the Community Organization}, booktitle = {Shmidt H. (ed) Community Organizations: Trends and Change}, year = {1997}, pages = {605-623}, publisher = {HaHevra LaMatnasim and Yediot Ahronot (Hebrew)}, organization = {HaHevra LaMatnasim and Yediot Ahronot (Hebrew)}, address = {Tel Aviv}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429110, title = {The University in the Metropolitan Arena - Impacts and Public Policy Implications}, journal = {Urban Studies }, volume = {33}, year = {1996}, pages = {1565-1580}, abstract = {This paper estimates some of the impacts associated with a metropolitan university. The impact of the university in the metropolitan arena is conceptualised as a series of backward (expenditure) and forward (knowledge-related) linkages. These relationships can be both positive and negative and can operate in both the short and long terms. Their correct identification requires that the counter-factual situation of the area without the university be adequately specified. On the basis of a case study of the impacts associated with Northwestern University on the Chicago metropolitan area, some of these issues are highlighted. The results emphasise the magnitude of the university expenditure links with the metropolitan economy and the importance of scale when comparing these with more localised negative impacts. The paper concludes with some public policy implications relating to the role of the university as a non-profit organisation competing with local businesses and as an export base sector in the metropolitan economy.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0042098966501}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429109, title = {High Technology Firms and Locational Choice in Israel, A Look at the Determinants}, journal = {Geografiska Annaler}, volume = {78B}, year = {1996}, pages = {43-55}, abstract = {This paper investigates the tendency of high technology firms in Israel to choose metropolitan locations. A series of hypotheses are presented that link this spatial behavior with the firms{\textquoteright} life cycle characteristics, its{\textquoteright} network context and technological characteristics. These hypotheses are then structured in a causal framework and the choice of metropolitan location is modeled as a discrete choice problem. Firm behavior is taken as utility-maximizing rather than profit-maximizing. Empirical results, based on a survey of over 160 Israel high technology firms are presented.These suggest that the choice of metropolitan location is often used to substitute for disadvantages that the firm experiences. For example, metropolitan location for new firms can mitigate the negative effects associated with a precarious market position; for firms with weak network structures, metropolitan location can substitute for this drawback. The public policy implications of these findings with respect to prospects for network-based regional development in Israel, are also discussed.}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/490967?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429108, title = {Factors Affecting the Development and Growth of Small Firms; Findings from Peripheral Areas in Israel}, journal = {Horizons in Geography}, volume = {44-45}, year = {1996}, pages = {27-42}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23703831?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Schwartz D.} } @inbook {1429107, title = {High Technology Location and Metropolitan growth}, booktitle = { Gradus Y and Lipshitz G (eds), The Mosaic of Israeli Geography}, year = {1996}, pages = {217-226}, publisher = {Ben Gurion University Press of the Negev}, organization = {Ben Gurion University Press of the Negev}, address = {Beer Sheva}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429111, title = {Dealing with \&$\#$39;Induced Migration\&$\#$39; in University Impact Studies}, journal = {Research in Higher Education}, volume = {36}, year = {1995}, pages = {457-472}, abstract = {The migration-inducing effect of an institution of higher education is often overlooked in university impact studies. This paper deals with estimating the local economic impacts of a university accounting for the fact that students and staff induced to the area by the presence of the university are unlikely to remain in its absence. It is argued that this is an important aspect of the correct identification of the counterfactual position and a vital component in accurate impact analysis. A case study is presented relating to the short-term impacts of the Northwestern University campus in the city of Evanston, Illinois. The tendency to overstate this impact through the incorrect treatment of induced migration is illustrated. It is also shown that the estimated income and output impacts attributed to the university are very sensitive to changes in the local consumption patterns of migrants.}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02207906}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429116, title = {University-Related Science Parks - \&$\#$39;Seedbeds\&$\#$39; or \&$\#$39;Enclaves\&$\#$39; of Innovation?}, journal = {Technovation}, volume = {14}, year = {1994}, pages = {93-110}, abstract = {

This paper examines the role of science parks as {\textquoteleft}seedbeds{\textquoteright} of innovation. Making the distinction between the spatial and the behavioural conceptions of the seedbed metaphor, the paper surveys the evidence related to the limited interaction effects between science park firms on the one hand and their neighbouring park firms, local universities and off-park firms on the other. This suggests that science parks might be functioning as {\textquoteleft}enclaves{\textquoteright} of innovation rather than seedbeds.

This hypothesis is empirically tested on the basis of a survey of over 160 high-technology firms in Israel located both on and off-park. Specifically, the following questions are addressed: (1) are seedbed effects important inputs to a firm{\textquoteright}s innovation level? and (2) to what extent are these effects contingent on the physical proximity and clustering afforded by science park location? The results indicate that, first, seedbed effects, as indicated by level of interaction with a local university and the entrepreneur{\textquoteright}s educational background, are not necessarily related to the firm{\textquoteright}s innovative level; second, science park location is shown to have only a weak and indirect relationship with innovation level. It is proposed that the role of the science park is thus innovation-entrenching rather than innovation-inducing. The attraction of science park location could therefore be due to perceived status and prestige conferred rather than benefits in terms of technology transfer and information flow.

}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016649729490099X}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429114, title = {Large High Technology Firms and the Spatial Extension of Metropolitan Labor Markets; Some Evidence from Israel}, journal = { Urban Studies}, volume = {31}, year = {1994}, pages = {867-883}, abstract = {The role of large high-technology firms in fashioning the spatial extent of the labour markets that serve them, is examined in this paper. It is argued that the demand for highly skilled labour in these firms results in their active role in labour market extension through a strategy of employee transport. This makes for employment mobility without a commensurate impact on residential mobility. It can also result in the {\textquoteright}inclusion{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}exclusion{\textquoteright} of certain types of labour. In this context, the {\textquoteright}free-rider{\textquoteright} phenomenon associated with worker transport is identified and described. On the basis of an empirical study of some of the largest high-technology firms in metropolitan areas in Israel, these processes are illustrated. The labour markets serving these firms are delimited and characterised for employees of different skill levels. In addition, the determinants of the probability of the firm utilising spatially extensive labour markets is examined. The role of firm size in explaining this behaviour is stressed.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00420989420080721}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429113, title = {Commuting and the Extension of Spatial Labour Markets by Large High Technology Firms}, journal = {Horizons in Geography}, volume = {40-41}, year = {1994}, pages = {17-42 (Hebrew)}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23703678?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429112, title = {Are Subsidies Worth It? How to Calculate the Costs and Benefits of Business Incentive}, journal = {Economic Development Commentary,}, volume = {18}, year = {1994}, pages = {17-23}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429117, title = {Constraints to Small Business Development Across the Life Cycle; Some Evidence from Peripheral Areas in Israel}, journal = {Entrepreneurship and Regional Development,}, volume = {5}, year = {1993}, pages = {227-246}, abstract = {This paper suggests that the constraints to small business development are likely to vary across the firm{\textquoteright}s life cycle. In addition, small businesses operating in peripheral areas are likely to face growth constraints arising from their location. On the basis of survey evidence from 100 small (owner-managed) firms operating in both peripheral and central locations in Israel, the probability of encountering a constraint (capital, marketing or bureaucratic) is then estimated. This probability is estimated for two points in the firms{\textquoteright} development trajectory: the start-up stage and the stage of sustained operation. The results suggest that at the start-up stage the personal attributes of the entrepreneur serve to mitigate the odds of encountering a constraint while firm size increases the chances. At the operating stage, the personal characteristics of the owner and the form of economic activity are found to be influential. The conclusions point to the high opportunity costs associated with small firms in peripheral areas and to the role of firm size in mitigating the effects of finance constraints over the life cycle. The broad policy implications of these findings are outlined.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08985629300000014}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Schwartz D.} } @article {1429120, title = {The Role of Production, Market and Employment Linkages in Regionally-Based Industrial Development}, journal = {Tidschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie}, volume = {83}, year = {1992}, pages = {105-119}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429119, title = {High Technology and Urban Economic Development}, journal = {Urban Studies}, volume = {29}, year = {1992}, pages = {839-855}, abstract = {This paper examines the economic development prospects for urban areas arising from localised clusters of high technology activity. Economic development opportunities are expected to be expressed in the development of local linkage patterns: employment linkages, production and service linkages and linkages to local universities. On the basis of survey evidence of high technology firms from two urban areas in Israel, linkage patterns are found to be weakly developed locally but extensively developed nationally and internationally. This is explained as a result of the international character of Israeli high technology activity resulting in a limited effect on the development of the local urban economy. Policy implications for urban economic development point to the need for the formulation of a public policy executed and administered at the local level rather than the present system of central government targeting of urban economic development at select locations.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00420989220080831}, author = {Shachar A. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429118, title = {Assessing the Employment Effectiveness of Small Business Financing Schemes; Some Evidence from Israel}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, volume = {4}, year = {1992}, pages = {273-285}, abstract = {

This paper presents an empirical assessment of the employment effects of two assistance schemes aimed at improving the accessibility of small businesses to capital. The first scheme is a revolving loan fund operating in two small towns. The second is a capital grant scheme aimed at promoting industrial activity in rural areas. Empirical data relating to the period 1986{\textendash}89 is analysed for both schemes.

The employment effectiveness of the loan fund is analysed via the estimation of cost-per-job indices and the estimation of the {\textquoteleft}deadweight{\textquoteright} effect, i.e., employment that would have been created even in the absence of the financing scheme. For the grant scheme, the methodology implemented involves the use of regression techniques in order to isolate the effect of the financial assistance on employment generation. The results point to the cost-effectiveness of this form of assistance. From a public policy point of view, the need for targeting these type of schemes (both spatially and sectorally), is stressed.

}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00388623}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429123, title = {The Science Park as an Urban Growth Factor in Israel}, journal = { Horizons in Geography}, volume = {33-34}, year = {1991}, pages = {73-86 (Hebrew)}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23701749?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1429122, title = {The New Geography of High Technology Industries in Israel}, booktitle = {Surkis H., Rap E. and Shachar T. (eds), Changes in the Geography of Israel; Center versus Periphery }, year = {1991}, pages = {65-84}, publisher = {Ministry of Education and Culture (Hebrew)}, organization = {Ministry of Education and Culture (Hebrew)}, address = {Jerusalem}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429127, title = {Technological Change and New Patterns of Industrial Location}, journal = {Horizons in Geography}, volume = {28-29}, year = {1990}, pages = {87-98 (Hebrew)}, abstract = {בדיקה מדוקדקת של ההתנהגות המרחבית של מפעלי התעשייה מן הסוגים השונים ואיתור סוגי הפעילויות המסוגלים להתקיים בפריפריה.}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23700369?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Bar-El R. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429126, title = {The Spatial Linkage Patterns of Israeli Firms; Implications for Regionally-Based Industrial Development}, journal = {The Economic Quarterly}, volume = {144}, year = {1990}, pages = {51-64 (Hebrew)}, abstract = {המאמר בודק את דפוסי הקשרים המרחביים שיש למפעלים תעשייתיים בארץ. קשרים אלה באים לידי ביטוי בקשר שיש למפעל עם גורמי ייצור ועם השוק. לדפוסי הקשרים האלה יש השלכות לגבי הפיתוח התעשייתי האזורי, במיוחד באזורים פריפריאליים.
הבדיקה נעשתה על בסיס מדגם של 200 מפעלים מהסקטור העירוני (ערים מרכזיות וערי פיתוח) והכפרי. ההשערה המרכזית היא שלמפעלים בסקטורים שונים קיימים דפוסי קשרים שונים. הגורמים המשפיעים על דפוסי קשרים אלה נגזרים הן מאופי הפעילות התעשייתית של המפעל והן מאופי הסביבה שבו הוא פועל.
הממצאים מצביעים על כך שקיימים הבדלים ברורים בין הסביבות שבהן פועלים המפעלים מהסקטורים המרחביים. לעומת זאת, לאופי הפעילות התעשייתית, כגון רמת התחרותיות והתחכום של התוצר, ישנה השפעה רבה יותר על הנטייה לייצור קשרים מרחביים מקומיים. ההשלכות של ממצאים אלה לגבי הפיתוח התעשייתי באזורים פריפריאליים ומשמעותם לגבי המדיניות התעשייתית-מרחבית הקיימת, נדונים במאמר.}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/23757880?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429125, title = {Entrepreneurship and Rural Industrialization; Comparing Patterns of Rural and Urban Locational Choice in Israel}, journal = {World Development}, volume = {18}, year = {1990}, pages = {257-267}, abstract = {The role of the local entrepreneur in the development of rural industrialization is often overlooked. Based on an empirical survey of entrepreneurs in both urban and rural areas in Israel, this paper shows that the rural setting scores less favorably than the urban for nearly all those locational attributes that would attract industrial development. Consequently, the chances of attracting external initiatives to rural areas would seem slim. Instead, it is argued that a strategy for rural industrial development needs to be based on the mobilization of indigenous entrepreneurial potential for which the rural setting provides a subjective relative advantage.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305750X9090051X}, author = {Bar-El R. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1429124, title = {Technological and Locational Factors in Rural Industrialization; A Comparative Investigation}, booktitle = {Ciciotti E., Alderman N. and Thwaites A. (eds), Technological Development in a Spatial Context; Theory, Empirical Evidence and Policy}, year = {1990}, pages = {235-259}, publisher = {Springer Verlag}, organization = {Springer Verlag}, address = {Heidelberg}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-75929-1_13}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Bar-El R.} } @article {1429130, title = {Technological Profile and Industrial Structure; Implications for the Development of Sophisticated Industry in Peripheral Areas}, journal = {Regional Studies}, volume = {23}, year = {1989}, pages = {253-266}, abstract = {This paper outlines the prospects for the development of sophisticated industry in peripheral and semi-peripheral areas. The debate on this issue usually presents a rigid and bifurcated image of large capital-intensive plants in the periphery and the seemingly unyielding concentration of R\&D in central locations. A major claim here is that this image can be softened-up if a more integrative definition of the term {\textquoteleft}technology{\textquoteright} is taken. A methodological approach for assessing the level of technology of the industrial branch is therefore introduced. A multi-dimensional approach is adopted that classifies industries into {\textquoteleft}technological profiles{\textquoteright} based on the different combinations of aspects of technology that they embody. This methodology is applied empirically to a data-set based on sub-branches of Israeli industry at the SIC three-digit level and the main industrial characteristics of the technological profiles are analysed. Having established the industrial consistency of the technological profiles, their spatial behaviour is addressed with a view to identifying those profiles with a tendency to disperse to the national periphery and those with a tendency to concentrate in central areas. Evidence from Israel shows that two types of profile can exist in peripheral areas: operations that use sophisticated production processes and under certain conditions and, at particular scales of activity, small-scale R\&D operations not requiring large capital investment. Finally, the industrial characteristics needed to sustain the above process are outlined. In the case of Israel it is shown that those characteristics relating to the inputs (especially quality of labour), rather than those relating to the outputs or spatial linkages of the production process, are likely to act as the main constraints to the development of sophisticated industry in peripheral areas.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343408912331345462}, author = {Bar-El R. and Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429129, title = {Measuring the Technological Intensity of the Industrial Branch; A Methodological and Empirical Approach}, journal = {Research Policy}, volume = {18}, year = {1989}, pages = {239-252}, abstract = {This paper contends that most definitions of what comprises a {\textquotedblleft}high technology{\textquotedblright} industry are based on only one defining characteristic. It is argued that an adequate definition needs to be based on a multi-dimensional view of technology and a methodological approach is suggested for classifying industrial sectors into {\textquotedblleft}technological profiles{\textquotedblright} on the basis of the various aspects of technology that they embody. Based on this methodology, an empirical study based on sub-branches of Israeli industry (at the 3 digit SIC level) is presented. Using cluster analysis and analysis of variance it is shown that the technological profiles have similar industrial, and not just technological, characteristics. The policy implications of these findings point to the need for a definition of {\textquotedblleft}high technology{\textquotedblright} that caters to the policy needs and objectives for which it is being defined.}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048733389900188}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Bar-El R.} } @article {1429128, title = {Generating the Growth Process; The Case of the Development of High Technology Industry in Jerusalem}, journal = {City and Region}, volume = {19-20}, year = {1989}, pages = {105-119}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429134, title = {The Technological Intensity of Industrial Sectors in Israel}, journal = {The Economic Quarterly}, volume = {137}, year = {1988}, pages = {159-167 (Hebrew)}, abstract = {המאמר הנוכחי מניח כי רוב ההגדרות של המושג תעשייה בעלת "טכנולוגיה גבוהה" מבוססות על מאפיין מגדיר אחד בלבד. אנו טוענים כי הגדרה נאותה חייבת להתבסס על תפיסה רב-ממדית של מושג הטכנולוגיה, ומציגים גישה מתודולוגית לסיווג ענפי תעשייה "לטיפוסים טכנולוגיים" על סמך ההיבטים השונים של הטכנולוגיה שהם מייצגים. בהסתמך על מתודולוגיה זו, אנו מגישים בדיקה אמפירית מבוסס על ענפי-משנה של התעשייה הישראלית (ברמת שלוש ספרות בסווג האחיד של ענפי התעשייה). השימוש בניתוח אשכולות ובניתוח שונות מאפשר לנו להראות כי לפרופילים הטכנולוגיים שהוגדרו יש מאפיינים}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/23759192?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Bar-El R.} } @article {1429133, title = {Spawning the Growth Process in a Non-Central Location; the Case of High Technology Industry in Jerusalem}, journal = {Tidschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie}, volume = {79}, year = {1988}, pages = {365-375}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1988.tb01321.x/abstract}, author = {Felsenstein D.} } @article {1429132, title = {Locational and Organizational Determinants of R\&D Employment in High Technology Firms}, journal = { Regional Studies}, volume = {22}, year = {1988}, pages = {477-486}, abstract = {A causal model is presented that predicts the relationship between the organizational structure and location of the high technology firm on the one hand and its R\&D employment intensity on the other. The organizational structure of the firm is treated in two ways. The intra-organizational (internal) structure of the firm is analysed and found to be significantly and negatively related to the level of R\&D employment in the firm. This is contrary to the hypothesisied direction of relationship. Variables representing the inter-organizational environment of the firm however are found to be associated with R\&D employment intensity in the manner expected. The results further show that R\&D employment intensity is positively associated with metropolitan location unmediated by the effects of firm size. This suggests that small high technology firms due to their {\textquotedblleft}liability of newness{\textquotedblright} and large firms due to their complex inter-organizational environments are dependent on a metropolitan location.}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343408812331345150}, author = {Felsenstein D and Shachar A} } @inbook {1429131, title = {The Role of Entrepreneurship in Rural Industralization; Differing Locational Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings}, booktitle = {Bar-El R. and Schwartz D. (eds), Issues in Regional Development }, year = {1988}, pages = {167-180}, publisher = {Israel Regional Science Association and the Settlement Study Center (Hebrew)}, organization = {Israel Regional Science Association and the Settlement Study Center (Hebrew)}, address = {Rehovot}, author = {Bar-El R. and Felsenstein D.} } @inbook {1429135, title = {The Creation of Israel\&$\#$39;s Settlement Map 1948 - 1951}, booktitle = {Naor M (ed), Immigrants and Transit Camps}, year = {1986}, pages = {87-96}, publisher = {Yad Ben Zvi (Hebrew)}, organization = {Yad Ben Zvi (Hebrew)}, address = {Jerusalem}, author = {Felsenstein D. and Shachar A.} }